Table 2 Risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) for heat and moisture exchangers versus heated humidifiers, adjusted for the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score
Heat and moisture exchanger group (n = 53) | Heated humidifier group (n = 51) | Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Global VAP | 21 (39%) | 8 (15%) | 16.20 (4.54–58.04) | <0.001 |
VAP caused by Gram-positive cocci | 8 (15%) | 3 (5%) | 5.44 (1.08–27.31) | 0.04 |
VAP caused by Gram-negative bacilli | 13 (24%) | 5 (9%) | 23.54 (2.98–186.07) | 0.003 |
Primary endogenous VAP | 8 (15%) | 1 (1%) | 8.56 (1.07–68.70) | 0.04 |
Secondary endogenous VAP | 12 (22%) | 6 (11%) | 12.45 (2.65–58.38) | 0.001 |