Timing of adequate antibiotic therapy is a greater determinant of outcome than are TNF and IL-10 polymorphisms in patients with sepsis

Table 6 Bivariate analysis of risk factors for impairment of the inflammatory response

Factor	Impairment of the inflammatory response			P
	Yes (n = 57)	No (n = 106)	RR (95%CI)
Sex			0.39 (0.19–0.79)	0.004
Male	25 (46.3)	71 (67)
Female	32 (53.7)	35 (33)
Age^a	60 (50–72)	61 (48–70.2)		0.5
Hepatic cirrhosis	8 (14)	3 (2.8)	5.61 (1.26–33.83)	0.01
Immunosuppression	3 (5.3)	3 (2.8)	1.91 (0.25–14.67)	0.42
COPD	3 (5.3)	12 (11.3)	0.44 (0.1–1.72)	0.2
End-stage renal disease	3 (5.3)	4 (3.8)	1.42 (0.2–8.7)	0.7
Chronic cardiac failure	2 (3.5)	1 (0.94)	3.82 (0.2–227)	0.28
Diabetes mellitus	12 (21)	26 (24.5)	0.82 (0.35–1.9)	0.61
Noncured malignancy	4 (7)	4 (3.8)	1.92 (0.34–10.7)	0.71
Alcoholism	7 (12.3)	12 (11.3)	1.21 (0.4–3.58)	0.85
Smoking habit	10 (17.5)	30 (28.3)	0.22 (0.54–1.28)	0.12
APACHE II^a	14 (10–16.5)	10 (6–14)		<0.0001
SOFA (1)^a,b	3 (2–6)	2 (1–4)		0.003
Bacteraemia	18 (31.6)	14 (13.2)	3.03 (1.28–7.22)	0.005
Genotype
-308 TNF-α promoter polymorphism			0.88 (0.33–2.37)	0.77
GG	48 (84.2)	91 (85.8)
GA/AA	9 (15.8)	15 (14.2)
TNF-β (Nco I polymorphism)			1.25 (0.61–2.54)	0.5
GG/GA	24 (42.1)	39 (28.3)
AA	33 (57.9)	67 (63.2)
IL-10-1082			1.09 (0.46–2.61)	0.8
GG	8 (14)	15 (14.2)
GA/AA	49 (86)	91 (85.8)
Genotype -308 TNF GA/AA, TNF-β AA, IL-10-1082 GG			1.48 (0.71–3.09)	0.26
Yes	18 (31.5)	43 (40.6)
No	39 (68.5)	63 (59.4)
Delayed AAT^a	10 (6–25)	5 (2.5–8)		<0.001

Unless otherwise stated, values are expressed as n (%). ^aResults expressed as median (25th to 75th percentiles). ^bSOFA (1) means SOFA score of the first 24 hours in the hospital. AAT, appropriate antibiotic therapy; APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICU, intensive care unit; RR, relative risk; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.

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