Timing of adequate antibiotic therapy is a greater determinant of outcome than are TNF and IL-10 polymorphisms in patients with sepsis

Table 5 Bivariate analysis of risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with septic shock

Factor	Nonsurvivors (n = 49)	Survivors (n = 65)	RR (95% CI)	P
Sex				0.07
Male	18 (36.7)	35 (43.9)
Female	31 (63.3)	30 (46.1)
Age (years)^a	62.5 (55–75)	60 (45–72)		0.11
Hepatic cirrhosis	5 (10.2)	4 (6.2)	1.73 (0.35–9.21)	0.32
Immunosuppression	4 (8.2)	2 (3.1)	2.8 (0.38–31.92)	0.21
COPD	5 (10.2)	5 (7.7)	1.36 (0.29–6.30)	0.42
End-stage renal disease	5 (10.2)	3 (4.6)	2.35 (0.43–15.79)	0.21
Chronic cardiac failure	2 (4.1)	2 (3.1)	1.34 (0.09–19.07)	0.58
Diabetes mellitus	13 (26.5)	18 (27.7)	0.94 (0.38–2.35)	0.89
Noncured malignancy	6 (12.2)	1 (1.5)	8.9 (1.01–417)	0.24
Alcoholism	5 (10.2)	6 (9.2)	1.12 (0.25–4.71)	0.55
Smoking habit	8 (16.4)	10 15.4)	1.07 (0.35–3.29)	0.89
APACHE II^a	18 (14–22)	17 (13–21)		0.09
SOFA (1)^a,b	6.5 (3–11)	8 (3–11)		0.8
Bacteraemia	13 (26.5)	26 (40)	0.54 (0.22–1.30)	0.2
Genotype
-308 TNF-α promoter polymorphism			1.80 (0.61–5.43)	0.42
GG	42 (85.7)	50 (77)
GA/AA	7 (14.3)	15 (23)
TNF-β (NcoI polymorphism)			0.66 (0.26–1.39)	0.19
GG/GA	16 (32.6)	29 (44.6)
AA	33 (67.4)	36 (55.4)
IL-10-1082			0.62 (0.18–1.96)	0.89
GG	6 (12.2)	12
GA/AA	43 (81.8)	53
Genotype TNF -308 GA/AA, TNF-β AA, IL-10-1082 GG			1.09 (0.46–2.61)	0.65
Yes	16 (32.6)	20
No	33 (67.4)	45
Delayed AAT^a	7.5 (4–28.5)	5.5 (3–12)		0.03

Unless otherwise stated, values are expressed as n (%). ^aResults expressed as median (25th to 75th percentiles). ^bSOFA (1) means SOFA score of the first 24 hours in the hospital. AAT, appropriate antibiotic therapy; APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICU, intensive care unit; RR, relative risk; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.

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