How can the response to volume expansion in patients with spontaneous respiratory movements be predicted?

Table 2 Evolution of the hemodynamic variables after VE

Parameter	Value
	Baseline	After VE
Temperature, °C	37.1 (36.7–37.9)	37.0 (36.7–37.7)
Cardiac frequency, minute^-1	94 (83–105)	97 (82–111)
Mean arterial pressure, mmHg	73 (67–81)	75 (69–83)
ΔPP, %	11 (7–18)	9 (4–16)
Mean PAP, mmHg	20 (14–25)	22 (18–29)
PAOP_ee, mmHg	13 (9–15)	15 (10–19)^a
RAP_ee, mmHg	9 (5–12)	10 (7–13)^b
Inspiratory ΔRAP, mmHg	-3 (-5 to -1)	-2 (-4 to 0)
Cardiac index, l minute^-1 m^-2	3.0 (2.3–3.5)	3.5 (3.1–3.9)^a
Oxygen delivery, ml minute^-1 m^-2	402 (353–432)	434 (379–518)^b
Oxygen consumption, ml minute^-1 m^-2	138 (126–153)	145 (92–156)
Arterial pH	7.42 (7.38–7.45)	7.42 (7.39–7.48)
PaCO₂	38 (34–39)	38 (37–39)
PaO₂	99 (86–117)	96 (85–114)
SaO₂	99 (98–99)	99 (97–100)
SvO₂	67 (60–72)	71 (63–74)
Hemoglobin, g/dl	9.1 (8.9–12.0)	9.0 (8.1–11.2)^b
Lactate, mEq/l	1.4 (1.2–1.9)	1.2 (1.0–1.5)^b

Ranges in parentheses are 25th to 75th centiles. ΔPP, pulse pressure variation; ΔRAP, variation in right atrial pressure; PAOP_ee, pulmonary arterial occluded pressure at end-expiration; PAP, pulmonary arterial pressure; RAP_ee, right atrial pressure at end-expiration; PaCO₂, arterial partial pressure of CO₂; PaO₂, arterial partial pressure of oxygen; SaO₂, arterial oxygen saturation; SvO₂, mixed venous oxygen saturation; VE, volume expansion. ^ap < 0.01, and ^bp < 0.05 compared with baseline.

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