Table 2 Additional inclusion criteria and severity of acute respiratory failure
From: Acute respiratory failure in the elderly: etiology, emergency diagnosis and prognosis
Criterion | Number of patients (%), or value (mean ± SD) | Number of additional criteria | Number of patients (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
Additional | |||
Ventilatory rate ≥ 25 minute-1 | 413 (80) | None | 0 |
Ventilatory rate (mm-1) | 30 ± 6 | 1 criterion | 162 (31) |
PaO2 ≤ 70 mmHg | 342 (67) | 2 criteria | 189 (37) |
PaO2 (mmHg) | 57 ± 9 | 3 or more | 163 (32) |
PaCO2≥ 45 mmHg and pH ≤ 7.35 | 44 (9) | ||
PaCO2 (mmHg) | 67 ± 19 | ||
pH | 7.28 ± 0.09 | ||
SpO2 ≤ 92% | 241 (47) | ||
SpO2 (%) | 83 ± 9 | ||
Criteria of clinical severity | Number of criteria of clinical severity | Number of patients (%) | |
Heart rate ≥ 120 minute-1 | 52 (10) | None | 139 (27) |
Heart rate (mm-1) | 129 ± 14 | 1 criterion | 114 (22) |
Orthopnea | 255 (50) | 2 criteria | 89 (17) |
Abdominal respiration | 77 (15) | 3 or more | 172 (34) |
Use of accessory muscles | 146 (28) | ||
Cyanosis | 56 (11) | ||
Ventilatory rate ≥ 30 minute-1 | 100 (19) | ||
Encephalopathy | 13 (3) | ||
Mottling | 37 (7) | ||
Clinical signs of right heart failurea | 288 (56) |