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Table 2 Baseline characteristics of patients classified according to the maximum Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage Kidney (RIFLE) class

From: RIFLE criteria for acute kidney injury are associated with hospital mortality in critically ill patients: a cohort analysis

 

No acute kidney injury

Risk

Injury

Failure

n

1,766 (32.8%)

670 (12.4%)

1,436 (26.7%)

1,511 (28.1%)

Sex (male)

988 (55.9%)

372 (55.5%)

841 (58.6%)

570 (57.0%)

Age (years)*

56.6 (18.2)

63.4 (17.0)

62.6 (16.6)

62.1 (16.4)

Race (n = 5,101)**

    

   White

1,491 (89.5%)

587 (91.3%)

1,237 (90.7%)

1,255 (87.9%)

   Black

146 (8.8%)

45 (7.0%)

111 (8.1%)

156 (10.9%)

   Other

29 (1.7%)

11 (1.7%)

16 (1.2%)

17 (1.2%)

Chronic kidney insufficiency*

17 (1.0%)

4 (0.6%)

17 (1.2%)

121 (8.0%)

Admission type* (n = 5,375)

    

   Medical

778 (44.2%)

277 (41.4%)

566 (39.4%)

545 (36.1%)

   Surgical

984 (55.8%)

392 (58.6%)

870 (60.6%)

963 (63.9%)

Reason for admission according to organ system* (n = 5,375)

    

   Cardiovascular disease

446 (25.3%)

236 (35.3%)

446 (31.1%)

513 (34.0%)

   Neurological disease

311 (17.7%)

109 (16.3%)

314 (21.9%)

327 (21.7%)

   Pulmonary disease/infection

226 (12.8%)

101 (15.1%)

232 (16.2%)

291 (19.3%)

   Trauma

317 (18.0%)

85 (12.7%)

203 (14.1%)

163 (10.8%)

   Malignancy

117 (6.6%)

34 (5.1%)

38 (2.6%)

35 (2.3%)

   Gastrointestinal disease

67 (3.8%)

22 (3.3%)

32 (2.2%)

26 (1.7%)

   Other

278 (15.8%)

82 (12.3%)

171 (11.9%)

153 (10.1%)

APACHE III score* (n = 3,400)

36 (26–47)

46 (35–57)

46 (36–58)

56 (41–73)

SOFA score*

5.1 (3.3)

6.3 (4.0)

6.8 (4.1)

7.8 (4.5)

SOFAnonrenal score*

4.5 (3.1)

5.3 (3.5)

5.6 (3.5)

5.9 (3.9)

SOFA RIFLEmax score* (n = 4,994)

3.7 (3.2)

5.3 (3.8)

5.9 (3.8)

6.7 (4.3)

SOFAnonrenal RIFLEmax score* (n = 4,994)

3.2 (2.8)

4.5 (3.5)

5.0 (3.4)

5.0 (3.7)

Inhospital before ICU admission*

527 (29.8%)

243 (36.3%)

476 (33.1%)

592 (39.2%)

Pre-ICU LOS* (days)

1 (1–4)

2 (1–4)

2 (1–5)

2 (1–6)

Time to RIFLEmax* (days)

 

2 (1–3)

2 (1–4)

2 (1–7)

RIFLE class on glomerular filtration rate criteria*

 

463 (69.1%)

929 (64.7%)

1,110 (73.5%)

  1. Continuous variables are presented as the mean (standard deviation) when normally distributed or as the median (interquartile interval) when not normally distributed. Categorical variables are presented as percentages. No acute kidney injury is those patients without any occurrence of RIFLE criteria; APACHE III, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, version III; SOFAnonrenal, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score without points for renal insufficiency, SOFA RIFLEmax, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score at the time of maximum RIFLE class; pre-ICU LOS, length of hospital stay before intensive care unit admission (only for patients who were in hospital before intensive care unit admission). *P < 0.001, **P = 0.035.
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Critical Care

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