Circulating immune parameters predicting the progression from hospital-acquired pneumonia to septic shock in surgical patients

Table 3 Scores, laboratory findings and immune modulating parameters in hospital-acquired pneumonia patients with subsequent septic shock

Clinical and laboratory findings (n = 29)	Pneumonia with subsequent septic shock (I)^a	Early septic shock (II)^a	Late septic shock (III)^a	p value^b
MOF	4 (3–6)	6 (5–8)	7 (4–9)	≤ 0.01 (I-II, I-III)
APACHE III	38 (32–52)	56 (39–75)	66 (45–88)	≤ 0.01 (I-II, I-III)
CRP (U/l)	80 (71–135)	131 (76–260)	103 (44–225)	0.60
Leucocytes (G/l)	12.6 (4.4–13.3)	18.9 (14.9–26.5)	19.8. (14.0–29.4)	≤ 0.01 (I-II, I-III)
TNF-α (pg/ml)	12.0 (8.0–15.2)	21.0 (9.8–55)	12.0 (9.7–16.7)	≤ 0.01 (I-II, II-III)
IL-1β (pg/ml)	1.9 (1.4–2.0)	2.0 (1.7–2.85)	1.5 (1.2–1.9)	≤ 0.01 (II-III)
IL-6 (pg/ml)	367 (166–678)	773 (229–1,370)	253 (98–1,370)	0.01 (II-III)
IL-8 (pg/ml)	187 (106–410)	271 (108–638)	215 (98–1,370)	0.17
IL-10 (pg/ml)	47 (21–144)	45 (31–120)	26 (48–92)	0.16
E-selectin (ng/ml)	71 (42–115)	134 (78–184)	74 (48–92)	≤ 0.01 (I-II, II-III)

^aData are expressed as median (25/75 percentile). ^bI-II, II-III and I-III: significant difference between measurement I and II, I and III, and II and III (Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test) if globally found by Friedman test. APACHE III, Acute and Chronic Health Evaluation III score; CRP, C-reactive protein; MOF, Multiple Organ Failure score; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

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