Table 1 Summary of quantitative acid–base studies in critically ill patients and the distribution of type of metabolic acidosis
Ref. | Patient population | Sample size | Metabolic acidosis | Unmeasured acids | Lactate | Chloride | Mixed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[30] | Pediatric ICU patients | 540 samples (282 patients) | 230 (45.5%) a44 – base deficit | 120 (52%) – M | 22 (9.6%) – M | 88 (38.2%) – M | 57 (25%) – M |
[80] | Pediatric ICU post-cardiac surgery | 150 samples (44 patients) | a24 – anion gap a57 – anion gap corrected | 44 | 6 | 19 | 10 |
[15] | Pediatric ICU, patients only with acid–base measurements | 255 patients | 69 (27%) | 55 (79.7%) – M | N/A | N/A | N/A |
[79] | Pediatric ICU in shock | 46 patients | 42 (91%) | 33 (72%) – M | 39 (85%) – M | 29 (63%) – M | N/A |
[21] | Adult ICU with met acidosis | 50 patients | 50 (100%) | 49 (98%) – M, T | 31 (62%) – M, T | 40 (80%) – M, T | N/A |
[28] | Adult ICU with suspicion of lactic acidosis (highest lactate used) | 851 patients | 548 (64%) – T | 204 (37%) – M | 239 (44%) – M | 105 (19%) – M | N/A |