Figure 1
From: Does cardiac surgery in newborn infants compromise blood cell reactivity to endotoxin?
Ex vivo production of tumor necrosis factor-α. Preoperative and postoperative (po) tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in whole blood culture supernatant. Values are expressed as means and SEM (error bars). TNF-α production was significantly increased after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; white), in comparison with the unstimulated control (C; black) at all time points. In comparison with preoperative levels, TNF-α production after stimulation with LPS significantly decreased 5 days after operation (P < 0.001) but again reached preoperative levels 10 days after operation.