Bench-to-bedside review: Ventilator strategies to reduce lung injury – lessons from pediatric and neonatal intensive care

Table 1 Death rates in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Period	Boston	Survival	Toronto	Survival	P
1981–1984	Immediate repair without ECMO	45%	Immediate repair	53%	NS
1984–1987	Immediate repair with postoperative ECMO	53%	Delayed repair	52%	NS
1987–1991	Delayed repair, preoperative ECMO	44%	Delayed repair	52%	NS
1991–1994	Delayed repair, permissive hypercapnia	69%	Delayed repair, permissive hypercapnea	61%	NS
		P = 0.007		P = NS

Shown are mortality rates for infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) at Children's Hospital, Boston (n = 285) and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto (n = 223) during four eras of CDH management strategy. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was rarely used for CDH at Toronto. P values were determined by student's t test; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. NS, not significant. Adapted from Azarow and coworkers [47].

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