Figure 1From: Saline volume expansion and cardiovascular physiology: novel observations, old explanations, and new questionsA simplified schematic of a single ventricular pressure–volume loop. EDV, end-diastolic volume; Emax, maximal ventricular systolic elastance; ESV, end-systolic volume; Pes, end-systolic pressure; Vo, zero Pes intercept of Emax from a pressure–volume diagram.Back to article page