Table 1 Simulation scenarios and key therapeutic maneuvers used to compare the Life Support for Trauma and Transport (LSTAT™) with conventional monitoring equipment

For the anesthesia faculty and residents

   Scenario 1: Tension pneumothorax

Needle thoracostomy or a chest tube

   Scenario 2: Adult respiratory distress syndrome

Positive end expiration pressure (PEEP), increase the FiO₂, consider a diuretic (furosemide), consider adjustment of ventilator settings

   Scenario 3: Cardiac tamponade

Pericardiocentesis

   Scenario 4: Pulseless ventricular tachycardia

Cardioversion with 360 joules

For the recovery room nursing staff

   Scenario 1: Improper ventilator settings

Adjust ventilator settings until the end tidal CO₂ is 35 mmHg

   Scenario 2: Pulmonary edema

Increase the FiO₂, administer a diuretic, consider intubating

   Scenario 3: Myocardial ischemia

Support airway, provide supplemental oxygen and ventilate if needed, check pulses and vital signs, call for a 12-lead ECG, consider sublingual nitroglycerin

   Scenario 4: Symptomatic hypotension with occult hemorrhage

Administer intravenous fluids, send for an immediate hematocrit level, consider a blood transfusion, place the patient in the Trendelenburg position