Table 3 Characteristics of treatment and outcome among patients transported by emergency medical services a
Patients by transportation method, n(%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
All patients, n (%) | Helicopter | Ground | |
(N = 24,293) | (N = 2,090) | (N = 22,203) | |
Prehospital treatment | |||
O2 | 17,110 (70.4) | 1,475 (70.6) | 15,635 (70.4) |
Cervical collar | 14,611 (60.1) | 1,259 (60.2) | 13,352 (60.1) |
Backboard | 14,181 (58.4) | 1,349 (64.5) | 12,832 (57.8) |
Shock pants | 21 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 19 (0.1) |
Splint | 309 (1.3) | 22 (1.1) | 287 (1.3) |
Intubation | 1,840 (7.6) | 121 (5.8) | 1,719 (7.7) |
Nasal airway tube | 240 (1.0) | 10 (0.5) | 230 (1.0) |
Airway protection maneuver | 2,023 (8.3) | 233 (11.1) | 1,790 (8.1) |
Intravenous fluid | 963 (4.0) | 395 (18.9) | 568 (2.6) |
FAST at ED | |||
Positive | 2,919 (12.7) | 309 (15.4) | 2,610 (12.4) |
Negative | 16,598 (71.9) | 1,559 (77.8) | 15,039 (71.4) |
Not used | 3,557 (15.4) | 136 (6.8) | 3,421 (16.2) |
CT | |||
Head | 20,473 (84.3) | 1,708 (81.7) | 18,765 (84.5) |
Neck | 12,246 (50.4) | 1,138 (54.4) | 11,108 (50.0) |
Spine | 4,845 (19.9) | 485 (23.2) | 4,360 (19.6) |
Chest | 16,155 (66.5) | 1,577 (75.5) | 14,578 (65.7) |
Abdomen | 15,376 (63.3) | 1,502 (71.9) | 13,874 (62.5) |
Pelvis | 12,424 (51.1) | 1,006 (48.1) | 11,418 (51.4) |
Others | 899 (3.7) | 72 (3.4) | 827 (3.7) |
Angiography | |||
Head | 298 (1.2) | 27 (1.3) | 271 (1.2) |
Neck | 131 (0.5) | 12 (0.6) | 119 (0.5) |
Spine | 46 (0.2) | 4 (0.2) | 42 (0.2) |
Chest | 335 (1.4) | 36 (1.7) | 299 (1.3) |
Abdomen | 1,190 (4.9) | 119 (5.7) | 1,071 (4.8) |
Pelvis | 1,215 (5.0) | 143 (6.8) | 1,072 (4.8) |
Others | 81 (0.3) | 12 (0.6) | 69 (0.3) |
Blood transfusion (+) | 6,611 (28.0) | 782 (38.2) | 5,829 (27.0) |
Operation | |||
Craniotomy | 2,055 (8.5) | 142 (6.8) | 1,913 (8.6) |
Craterization | 716 (2.9) | 36 (1.7) | 680 (3.1) |
Throracotomy | 947 (3.9) | 130 (6.2) | 817 (3.7) |
Celiotomy | 1,427 (5.9) | 177 (8.5) | 1,250 (5.6) |
Bone fixation | 3,606 (14.8) | 432 (20.7) | 3,174 (14.3) |
Angiostomy | 68 (0.3) | 6 (0.3) | 62 (0.3) |
TAE | 1,237 (5.1) | 127 (6.1) | 1,110 (5.0) |
Endoscopic surgery | 23 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) | 20 (0.1) |
Anastomosis | 9 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 8 (0.0) |
Others | 959 (3.9) | 93 (4.4) | 866 (3.9) |
Disposition at ED | |||
Died | 2,004 (8.2) | 1,877 (8.5) | 127 (6.1) |
ICU | 18,439 (75.9) | 1,634 (78.2) | 16,805 (75.7) |
Ward | 3,197 (13.2) | 184 (8.8) | 3,013 (13.6) |
Others | 452 (1.9) | 139 (6.7) | 313 (1.4) |
Disposition at discharge | |||
Died | 6,311 (26.0) | 546 (26.1) | 5,765 (26.0) |
Hospital transfer | 10,172 (41.9) | 1,063 (50.9) | 9,109 (41.0) |
Home | 7,810 (32.1) | 481 (23.0) | 7,329 (33.0) |