Table 1 Characteristics of patients transported by emergency medical services a
Patients by transportation method, n(%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
All patients | Helicopter | Ground | |
Characteristics | (N = 24,293) | (N = 2,090) | (N = 22,203) |
n (%) | |||
Sex | |||
Men | 17,265 (71.1) | 1,571 (75.2) | 15,694 (70.7) |
Women | 7,023 (28.9) | 519 (24.8) | 6,504 (29.3) |
Age, yr | |||
15 to 55 | 11,749 (48.4) | 884 (42.3) | 10,865 (48.9) |
56 to 65 | 4,279 (17.6) | 419 (20.0) | 3,860 917.4) |
>65 | 8,265 (34.0) | 787 (37.7) | 7,478 (33.7) |
Injury type | |||
Blunt | 23,680 (97.5) | 2,062 (98.7) | 21,618 (97.4) |
Penetrating | 613 (2.5) | 585 (2.6) | 28 (1.3) |
Cause of injury | |||
Motor vehicle crash | 12,638 (53.9) | 1,087 (53.2) | 11,551 (54.0) |
Falls | 8,749 (37.3) | 675 (33.0) | 8,074 (37.7) |
Other reason | 2,059 (8.8) | 283 (13.8) | 1,776 (8.3) |
Injury severity score | |||
15 to 24 | 11,747 (52.9) | 892 (47.3) | 10,855 (53.4) |
25 to 34 | 8,184 (36.8) | 738 (39.1) | 7,446 (36.6) |
35-44 | 2,279 910.3) | 256 (13.6) | 2,023 (10.0) |
TRISS (P > 0.5) | 16,578 (77.7) | 1,435 (76.9) | 15,143 (77.8) |
Alcohol drunk (+) | 2,876 (11.8) | 53 (4.7) | 2,823 (21.6) |
Mean (SD) | |||
Prehospital vital signs | |||
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 132.3 (34.6) | 130 (34.8) | 132.5 (34.6) |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 77.7 (21.3) | 76.7 (21.3) | 77.8 (21.3) |
Respiratory rate, breaths/min | 23.0 (7.5) | 24.9 (8.5) | 22.8 (7.4) |
Heart rate, beats/min | 87.7 (22.6) | 87.7 (23.8) | 87.7 (22.5) |
Japan coma scale | |||
Grade 0 | 5,077 (23.5) | 408 (26.8) | 4,669 (23.3) |
Grade 1 | 6,635 (30.7) | 421 (27.6) | 6,214 (30.9) |
Grade 2 | 2,591 (12.0) | 209 (13.7) | 2382 (11.8) |
Grade 3 | 7,333 (33.9) | 487 (31.9) | 6846 (34.0) |
Initial vital signs at ED | |||
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 118.8 (51.6) | 119.1 (44.0) | 118.8 (52.2) |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 73.0 (27.2) | 72.6 (23.8) | 73.0 (27.5) |
Respiratory rate, breaths/min | 20.8 (9.9) | 22.2 (9.5) | 20.6 (9.9) |
Heart rate, beats/min | 82.1 (33.2) | 85.9 (29.7) | 81.8 (33.5) |
Glasgow coma scale score | 10.9 (4.6) | 10.9 (4.7) | 10.9 (4.6) |
Eye score | 2.8 (1.3) | 2.8 (1.3) | 2.8 (1.3) |
Verbal score | 3.4 (1.7) | 3.7 (1.6) | 3.4 (1.7) |
Motor score | 4.7 (1.9) | 4.7 (2.0) | 4.7 (1.9) |
Japan coma scale | |||
Grade 0 | 5,191 (26.5) | 540 (30.1) | 4,651 (26.1) |
Grade 1 | 5,127 (26.1) | 407 (22.7) | 4,720 (26.5) |
Grade 2 | 2,990 (15.2) | 260 (14.5) | 2,730 (15.3) |
Grade 3 | 6,304 (32.1) | 588 (32.8) | 5,716 (32.1) |
Body temperature, °C | 36.0 (1.1) | 36.0 (1.1) | 36.0 (1.1) |