Figure 1

Adaptive immune response. Adaptive immune function measured by ex vivo PHA-induced cytokine-production capacities within 48 hours of sepsis onset (A-D) were lower for children who went on to develop persistent or nosocomial infection (gray bars) compared with sepsis children who recovered without infectious complication (white bars) and healthy controls (striped bars). For those children with day 7 data available (E-H), ex vivo PHA-induced cytokine-production capacities for both groups tended to improve over time. Bars (A-D) and symbols (E-H) represent median values, with error bars representing interquartile range throughout. Dashed lines and shaded areas (E-H) represent median and interquartile ranges for healthy control subjects. (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001).