Beta-lactam dosing in critically ill patients with septic shock and continuous renal replacement therapy

Table 5 Available data on ceftriaxone pharmacokinetics in hemofiltration

Study	n	Population and score^a	Site of infection	Pathogen (MIC)	Antibiotic	Type of filter	Type of CRRT	RRT dose^a
Spanish product information	N/R	Healthy volunteers	N/A	N/A	Ceftriaxone 1 g	N/A	N/A	N/A
Garot and colleagues [36]	54	Critically ill patients with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock with various degrees of renal function, 12 with CVVHF. SAPS II 50 (9 to 87)	Several (61 % pneumonia)	100 % T_>MIC for MIC values ranging from 0.016 mg/dl (Streptococcus pneumoniae) to 8 mg/dl (Staphylococcus aureus)	Ceftriaxone 2 g every 24 hours (41 cases), 1 g every 24 hours (one case), 2 g every 12 hours (one case) and 2 g every 8 hours (one case)	N/R	CVVHF	N/R
Kroh and colleagues [37]	6	Critically ill patients with sepsis and AKI	Several	N/R	Ceftriaxone 2 g every 24 hours	Polyamide filter	CVVHF	Q_R: 1.2 to 1.8 l/hour

The table includes healthy volunteers’ data with comparative purpose. AKI, acute kidney injury; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; CVVHF, continuous venovenous hemofiltration; MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; N/A, not applicable; N/R, not reported; Q_R, replacement fluid flow rate; RRT, renal replacement therapy; SAPS, Simplified Acute Physiology Score; %T_>MIC, percentage of dosing interval while concentration of the antibiotic is above the minimum inhibitory concentration of the pathogen. ^aData presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range).

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