Midazolam and propofol used alone or sequentially for long-term sedation in critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients: a prospective, randomized study

Table 2 Study outcomes using intention-to-treat analysis

Data	1 Group M (n = 43)	2 Group P (n = 42)	3 Group M-P (n = 39)	P value	*Post hoc* test (P < 0.017)
Sedation time (hours)	142.0 (94.5)	120.0 (70.0)	112.5 (101.0)	0.47
Midazolam sedation time (hours)^a	142.0 (94.5)	–	77.0 (82.0)	<0.01
Mechanical ventilation time (hours)	192.0 (124.0)	126.0 (71.7)	114.8 (95.5)	0.01	1 vs. 2; 1 vs. 3
Recovery time^b (hours)	58.0 (39.0)	1.5 (1.0)	1.0 (1.0)	<0.01	1 vs. 2; 1 vs. 3
Extubation time^c (hours)	45.0 (24.5)	3.0 (1.0)	2.0 (1.5)	<0.01	1 vs. 2; 1 vs. 3
ICU duration (days)	17.0 (7.5)	10.0 (16.0)	12.5 (8.0)	0.04
Length of stay in hospital (days)	23.0 (26.5)	17.0 (40.0)	28.5 (31.5)	0.24
Incidence of AKI	9 (20.9%)	8 (19.0%)	11 (28.2%)	0.59
Numbers of patients receiving CRRT	4 (9.3%)	3 (7.1%)	5 (12.8%)	0.70
ICU mortality	7 (16.3%)	6 (14.3%)	4 (10.3%)	0.76
Hospitalization mortality	10 (23.3%)	7 (16.7%)	6 (15.4%)	0.68

Data are expressed as median (interquartile range) for non-normally distributed data or number (%) for nominal data. Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance was used for non-normally distributed data comparisons, and the nominal data comparisons were based on either the chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test. In the presence of a significant difference in the three groups (P < 0.05), the parameters between any two groups were further compared with the value of α adjusted to 0.017. AKI, acute kidney injury; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy. ^aMedazolam sedation times of group M and group M-P were analyzed by independent two-sample t test. ^bTime from the stopping of sedation until awake: missing assessments for the patients withdrawing from treatment or suffering from therapeutic failure (four patients in group M, six patients in group P, and three patients in group M-P). ^cTime from the stopping of sedation until extubation: exposure calculation was based on patients completing treatment (including 37 patients in group M, 35 patients in group P, and 32 patients in group M-P), patients withdrawing treatment and suffering therapeutic failure, and those who underwent tracheostomy without determining the extubation.

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