Table 1 Characteristics of intermittent and continuous endotracheal-tube cuff-pressure control system patient groups
Intermittent cuff-pressure | Continuous cuff-pressure | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
control system (n = 150) | control system (n = 134) | ||
Sex, female, n (%) | 63 (42.0) | 46 (34.3) | 0.22 |
Age, years, mean ± SD | 63.21 ± 14.99 | 59.61 ± 17.22 | 0.06 |
Diagnostic group, n (%) | 0.81 | ||
Cardiac surgery | 26 (17.3) | 20 (14.9) | |
Cardiology | 13 (8.7) | 16 (11.9) | |
Respiratory | 37 (24.7) | 30 (22.4) | |
Digestive | 23 (15.3) | 20 (14.9) | |
Neurologic | 26 (17.3) | 21 (15.7) | |
Trauma | 17 (11.3) | 22 (16.4) | |
Others | 8 (5.3) | 5 (3.7) | |
Type of admission, n (%) | 0.44 | ||
Postoperative | 41 (27.3) | 40 (29.9) | |
Medical | 91 (60.7) | 72 (53.7) | |
Traumatic | 18 (12.0) | 22 (16.4) | |
Smoker, n (%) | 30 (20.0) | 30 (22.4) | 0.66 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 22 (14.7) | 20 (14.9) | 0.99 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 45 (30.0) | 40 (29.9) | 0.99 |
Chemotherapeutic agents, n (%) | 4 (2.7) | 5 (3.7) | 0.74 |
Steroid agents, n (%) | 8 (5.3) | 4 (3.0) | 0.39 |
Hematological tumor, n (%) | 6 (4.0) | 5 (3.7) | 0.99 |
Solid tumor, n (%) | 16 (10.7) | 18 (13.4) | 0.58 |
APACHE-II score, mean ± SD | 17.53 ± 8.88 | 17.57 ± 7.26 | 0.97 |
Intubation in the ICU, n (%) | 48 (32.0) | 42 (31.3) | 0.99 |
Subglottic secretion drainage, n (%) | 65 (43.3) | 53 (39.6) | 0.55 |
Tracheotomy, n (%) | 25 (16.7) | 29 (21.6) | 0.29 |
Paralytic agents, n (%) | 24 (16.0) | 19 (14.2) | 0.74 |
Enteral nutrition, n (%) | 103 (68.7) | 88 (65.7) | 0.61 |
Antibiotics before VAP, n (%) | 144 (96.0) | 132 (98.5) | 0.29 |
Reintubation, n (%) | 16 (10.7) | 16 (11.9) | 0.85 |
Stress ulcer prophylaxis, n (%) | 0.11 | ||
Proton-pump inhibitors | 137 (91.3) | 126 (94.0) | |
Histamine H-2 blockers | 5 (3.3) | 0 | |
None | 8 (5.3) | 8 (6.0) | |
PEEP, cm H20, mean ± SD | 5.25 ± 0.88 | 5.19 ± 0.85 | 0.56 |
Ramsay scale, mean ± SD | 3.37 ± 0.83 | 3.45 ± 0.79 | 0.44 |
Head of bed angle elevation, degrees, mean ± SD | 33.13 ± 7.22 | 33.54 ± 7.65 | 0.64 |
Red blood cell transfusion, n (%) | 52 (34.7) | 54 (40.3) | 0.39 |
Pcuff determinations < 20 cm H20, %, mean ± SD | 9.32 ± 8.46 | 0 | <0.001 |
Pcuff determinations 20 to 30 cm H20, %, mean ± SD | 86.93 ± 10.07 | 100 | <0.001 |
Pcuff determinations >30 cm H20, %, mean ± SD | 3.74 ± 4.85 | 0 | <0.001 |
VAP, patients, n (%) | 33 (22.0) | 15 (11.2) | 0.02 |
Tracheobronchitis, patients, n (%) | 10 (6.7) | 5 (3.7) | 0.30 |
VAP or tracheobronchitis, patients, n (%) | 43 (28.7) | 20 (14.9) | 0.01 |
Time of MV free of VAP, days, mean ± SD | 10.31 ± 10.56 | 12.75 ± 14.05 | 0.10 |
Duration of MV, days, mean ± SD | 15.65 ± 20.78 | 15.21 ± 15.23 | 0.84 |
ICU mortality, patients, n (%) | 55 (36.7) | 51 (38.1) | 0.90 |