Table 1 The clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS)

Temperature (°Celsius)

36.5-38.4 °C

38.5-38.9 °C

≤ 36 or ≥ 39 °C

Leukocytes in blood (cells/mm³)

4,000-11,000/mm³

< 4,000 or > 11,000/mm³

≥ 500 Band cells

Tracheal secretions (subjective visual scale)

None

Mild/non-purulent

Purulent

Radiographic findings (on chest radiography, excluding CHF and ARDS)

No infiltrate

Diff use/patchy infiltrate

Localized infiltrate

Culture results (endotracheal aspirate)

No or mild growth

Moderate or florid growth

Moderate or florid growth AND pathogen consistent with Gram stain

Oxygenation status (defined by PaO₂:FiO₂)

> 240 or ARDS

≤ 240 and absence of ARDS