Soluble adhesion molecules as markers for sepsis and the potential pathophysiological discrepancy in neonates, children and adults

Table 1 Characteristics of adhesion molecules involved in sepsis

Adhesion molecule	Expression	Ligands	Inflammatory mediators	Mode of expression	Specific function	Sheddase
E-selectin	Endothelial cells	ESLG-1, PSGL-1	TNFα, LPS, IL-1	Inducible	Rolling	Caspase
L-selectin	Leukocytes	GlyCAM-1, MAdCAM-1	TNFα, LPS, IL-1, IL-6	Constitutive, inducible	Rolling	ADAM-17
P-selectin	Endothelial cells, platelets	PSGL-1	TNFα, IL-4, IL-13, histamine, thrombin	Constitutive	Rolling	MMP
ICAM-1	Endothelial cells	Mac-1, LFA-1	TNFα, LPS, IL-1	Constitutive, inducible	Firm adhesion, TEM	ADAM-17, NE
VCAM-1	Endothelial cells	VLA-4	TNFα, LPS, IL-1	Constitutive, inducible	Firm adhesion, TEM	ADAM-17, NE

ADAM, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase; ESGL-1, endothelial selectin glycoprotein ligand; GlyCAM-1, glycosylation dependent cell adhesion molecule; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; IL, interleukin; LFA, leukocyte function antigen; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; Mac, macrophage antigen; MAdCAM, mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; NE, neutrophil elastase; PSGL, platelet selectin glycoprotein ligand; TEM, transendothelial migration; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; VLA, very late antigen.

ISSN: 1364-8535