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Table 2 Plasma biomarkers at baseline (Day 0) in patients with sepsis

From: Combination of thrombin-antithrombin complex, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and protein C activity for early identification of severe coagulopathy in initial phase of sepsis: a prospective observational study

 

Normal range

All patients

 

Develop DIC

No DIC

 
  

Median level

Abnormal patients (%)

Median level

Median level

P- value*

Global markers

      

  Platelet (× 103/μL)

130 to 369

163 (118 to 205)

33.8a

140 (108 to 184)

176 (136 to 228)

0.036

  PT-INR

0.9 to 1.2

1.25 (1.15 to 1.37)

55.8b

1.29 (1.17 to 1.38)

1.21 (1.13 to 1.31)

0.091

  APTT (sec)

23.1 to 36.3

39.5 (32.2 to 48.9)

62.3b

42.7 (35.4 to 49.5)

37.7 (31.3 to 42.7)

0.096

  Fibrinogen (mg/dL)

129 to 371

395 (249 to 544)

25.9a

299 (225 to 481)

419 (319 to 565)

0.041

  FDP (μg/mL)

0 to 5.0

16.7 (10.4 to 28.9)

97.4b

20.5 (11.7 to 44.1)

15.6 (8.4 to 22.1)

0.011

Thrombin generation

      

  TAT (ng/mL)

<2.4

12.5 (7.2 to 20.1)

98.7b

19.5 (10.5 to 25.8)

8.4 (5.7 to 12.9)

<0.0001

  SF (μg/mL)

<7.0

10.5 (5.3 to 24.2)

66.2b

13.9 (7.9 to 29.3)

7.4 (3.2 to 17.3)

0.013

Anticoagulant activity

      

  PC (%)

67 to 129

46.2 (34.1 to 59.5)

88.3a

36.6 (28.1 to 44.9)

59.1 (46.7 to 65.6)

<0.0001

  AT (%)

75 to 125

51.8 (38.4 to 63.2)

88.3a

42.8 (31.3 to 54.8)

58.2 (48.1 to 72.5)

0.0001

Fibrinolytic activity

      

  Plasminogen (%)

85 to 120

60.2 (43.6 to 73.7)

85.7a

48.1 (30.3 to 66.1)

67.0 (57.1 to 84.6)

0.0001

  α2-PI (%)

83 to 115

67.3 (52.1 to 82.8)

74.1a

54.1 (40.5 to 67.6)

78.6 (67.1 to 88.7)

<0.0001

  PAI-1 (ng/mL)

<50.0

154.7 (60.7 to 533.1)

81.8b

531.6 (191.1 to 992.6)

77.6 (40.8 to 154.7)

<0.0001

  PIC (μg/mL)

<0.9

1.0 (0.7 to 1.8)

54.5b

1.0 (0.6 to 2.7)

1.1 (0.8 to 1.5)

0.99

Endothelial activation

      

  sES (ng/mL)

<29.7

55.2 (35.9 to 101.1)

83.1b

65.3 (34.8 to 144.8)

49.5 (36.9 to 72.9)

0.17

  1. α2-PI, α2-plasmin inhibitor activity; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; AT, antithrombin activity; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; FDP, fibrin degradation products; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; PC, protein C activity; PIC, plasmin-α2-plasmin inhibitor complex; PT-INR, prothrombin time-international normalized ratio; sES, soluble E-selectin; SF, soluble fibrin; TAT, thrombin-antithrombin complex.
  2. *Comparison of groups with and without subsequent development of overt DIC. aPercentage of patients with values lower than the lower limit of normal. bPercentage of patients with values higher than the upper limit of normal.