Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study patients according to 1-month survival
Characteristic | Survival (n = 7,532) | Death (n = 390,589) | P- value |
|---|---|---|---|
Year | |||
2007 | 1,734 (23.0) | 89,078 (22.8) | 0.7152 |
2008 | 1,899 (25.2) | 97,715 (25.0) | |
2009 | 1,861 (24.7) | 98,802 (25.3) | |
2010 | 2,038 (27.1) | 104,994 (26.9) | |
Age, years (median 77, IQR 65 to 85) | 69.0 ± 16.2 | 73.8 ± 16.2 | <0.0001 |
< 65 | 2,632 (34.9) | 91,697 (23.5) | <0.0001 |
65 to 85 | 3,875 (51.5) | 204,762 (52.4) | |
> 85 | 1,025 (13.6) | 94,130 (24.1) | |
Male | 4,743 (63.0) | 224,814 (57.6) | <0.0001 |
Arrest witnessed by any layperson | 5,112 (67.9) | 140,948 (36.1) | <0.0001 |
Arrest witnessed by EMS personnel | 1,039 (13.8) | 17,562 (4.5) | <0.0001 |
Bystander CPR | 3,429 (45.5) | 172,815 (44.2) | 0.0266 |
Presumed cardiac cause | 4,444 (59.0) | 218,477 (55.9) | <0.0001 |
Initial cardiac rhythm | |||
Ventricular fibrillation | 2,144 (28.5) | 21,352 (5.5) | <0.0001 |
Pulseless ventricular tachycardia | 54 (0.7) | 673 (0.2) | |
Pulseless electrical activity | 2,696 (35.8) | 81,312 (20.8) | |
Asystole | 2,638 (35.0) | 287,252 (73.5) | |
Prehospital actual shock delivery | 2,311 (30.7) | 33,809 (8.7) | <0.0001 |
Use of advanced airway management | 2,414 (32.1) | 125,583 (32.2) | 0.889 |
Epinephrine administration | 698 (9.3) | 29,519 (7.6) | <0.0001 |
Physician-staffed ambulance | 282 (3.7) | 8,132 (2.1) | <0.0001 |
Call-to-response time, minutes (median 7, IQR 5 to 9) | 6.6 ± 3.1 | 7.5 ± 3.8 | <0.0001 |
< 5 | 1,608 (21.4) | 63,019 (16.1) | <0.0001 |
5 to 9 | 5,014 (66.6) | 248,769 (63.7) | |
> 9 | 910 (12.1) | 78,801 (20.2) | |
Call-to-hospital arrival time, minutes (median 30, IQR 24 to 37) | 27.8 ± 11.1 | 31.9 ± 11.7 | <0.0001 |
< 24 | 2,808 (37.3) | 86,614 (22.2) | <0.0001 |
24 to 37 | 3,817 (50.7) | 216,927 (55.5) | |
> 37 | 907 (12.0) | 87,048 (22.3) |