Variables at admission
| | | | |
Male, n (%)
|
301 (63.9)
|
274 (69.5)
|
110 (67.1)
|
164 (71.3)
|
Age in years, median [IQR]
|
60 [45; 75]
|
64 [48; 77]
|
64 [49; 79]
|
64 [47; 76]
|
Scores, n (%)
| | | | |
SAPSII*£
|
47 [34; 60]
|
39.5 [28; 57]
|
37 [28.5; 51]
|
43[28; 63]
|
SOFA score£
|
6 [4; 9]
|
6 [3; 9]
|
5 [3; 8]
|
7 [4; 10]
|
LOD score*£
|
5 [3; 7]
|
4 [2; 7]
|
3 [2; 5.5]
|
4 [2; 8]
|
Coma Glasgow Scale*£
|
8 [4; 15]
|
15 [8.5; 15]
|
15 [11;15]
|
14 [7; 15]
|
McCabe, n (%)
| | | | |
1
|
326 (69.2)
|
284 (72.4)
|
119 (73.5)
|
165 (71.7)
|
2
|
124 (26.3)
|
98 (25.0)
|
40 (24.7)
|
58 (25.2)
|
3
|
21 (4.5)
|
10 (2.6)
|
3 (1.9)
|
7 (3.0)
|
CURB-65,* n (%)
| | | | |
0
|
3 (0.6)
|
7 (1.8)
|
1 (0.6)
|
6 (2.6)
|
1
|
20 (4.2)
|
38 (9.6)
|
15 (9.1)
|
23 (10.0)
|
2
|
88 (18.7)
|
71 (18.0)
|
34 (20.7)
|
37 (16.1)
|
3
|
157 (33.3)
|
107 (27.2)
|
42 (25.6)
|
65 (28.3)
|
4
|
122 (25.9)
|
107 (27.2)
|
46 (28.0)
|
61 (26.5)
|
5
|
81 (17.2)
|
64 (16.2)
|
26 (15.9)
|
38 (16.5)
|
Co-morbidities (Knaus definitions), n (%)
|
Chronic hepatic failure£
|
23 (4.9)
|
17 (4.3)
|
3 (1.8)
|
14 (6.1)
|
Chronic heart failure
|
47 (10.0)
|
48 (12.2)
|
25 (15.2)
|
23 (10.0)
|
Chronic respiratory failure*£
|
65 (13.8)
|
86 (21.8)
|
52 (31.7)
|
34 (14.8)
|
Chronic renal failure
|
9 (1.9)
|
7 (1.8)
|
3 (1.8)
|
4 (1.7)
|
Diabetes
|
58 (12.3)
|
48 (12.2)
|
16 (9.8)
|
32 (13.9)
|
≥One co-morbidity*
|
153 (32.5)
|
161 (40.9)
|
75 (45.7)
|
86 (37.4)
|
Smokers (>20 pack-years), n (%)
|
114 (31.1)
|
97 (28.1)
|
41 (29.3)
|
56 (27.3)
|
Alcohol (>80 g/d)* n (%)
|
101 (27.6)
|
73 (21.2)
|
31 (22.1)
|
42 (20.5)
|
Sepsis, n (%)
|
458 (97.2)
|
383 (97.2)
|
158 (96.3)
|
225 (97.8)
|
Severe sepsis, n (%) *
|
395 (83.9)
|
360 (91.4)
|
146 (89)
|
214 (93.0)
|
Septic shock, n (%)*
|
146 (31.0)
|
152(38.6)
|
55 (33.5)
|
97(42.2)
|
Treatments, n (%) unless otherwise stated
|
Invasive ventilation*£
|
340 (72.2)
|
207 (52.5)
|
73 (44.5
|
134 (58.3)
|
Noninvasive ventilation*
|
40 (8.5)
|
58 (14.7)
|
27 (16.5)
|
31 (13.5)
|
Inotropes or vasoactive agents*£
|
189 (40.1)
|
191 (48.5)
|
67 (40.9)
|
124 (53.9)
|
Corticosteroids*
|
69 (14.6)
|
96 (24.4)
|
40 (24.4)
|
56 (24.3)
|
Hemodialysis/Hemofil-tration
|
23 (4.9)
|
31 (7.9)
|
11 (637)
|
20 (8.7)
|
Antibiotic therapy duration in days, median [IQR]*
|
7 [4; 13]
|
8 [4; 14]
|
7 [4; 13]
|
8 [4; 15]
|
Organisms, n (%)
| | | | |
Streptococcus pneumoniae*
£
|
125 (26.5)
|
69 (17.5)
|
42 (25.6)
|
27 (11.7)
|
Staphylococcus aureus*
£
|
65 (13.8)
|
25 (6.3)
|
5 (3.0)
|
20 (8.7)
|
Streptococcus spp.
|
22 (4.7)
|
9 (2.3)
|
2 (1.2)
|
7 (3.0)
|
Enterocococcus spp.
|
3 (0.6)
|
0 (0)
|
0 (0)
|
0 (0)
|
Hemophilus influenzae*
|
57 (12.1)
|
29 (7.4)
|
15 (9.1)
|
14 (6.1)
|
Klebsiella pneumoniae
|
16 (3.4)
|
8 (2.0)
|
3 (1.8)
|
5 (2.2)
|
Escherichia coli
|
23 (4.9)
|
10 (2.5)
|
2 (1.2)
|
8 (3.5)
|
Enterobacteriaceae spp.*
|
11 (2.3)
|
2 (0.5)
|
1 (0.6)
|
1 (0.4)
|
Serratia marescens
|
3 (0.6)
|
1 (0.3)
|
0 (0)
|
1 (0.4)
|
Proteus mirabilis
|
7 (1.5)
|
1 (0.3)
|
0 (0)
|
1 (0.4)
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
13 (2.8)
|
14 (3.6)
|
5 (3.0)
|
9 (3.9)
|
Legionella pneumophila*
|
1 (0.2)
|
9 (2.3)
|
5 (3.0)
|
4 (1.7)
|
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
|
0 (0)
|
0 (0)
|
0 (0)
|
0 (0)
|
Chlamydia pneumoniae
|
0 (0))
|
2 (0.5)
|
0 (0)
|
2 (0.9)
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
£
|
3 (0.6)
|
6 (1.5)
|
5 (3.0)
|
1 (0.4)
|
Aspergillus fumigatus
|
0 (0)
|
3 (0.8)
|
2 (1.2)
|
1 (0.4)
|
Viruses*
|
6 (1.3)
|
15 (3.8)
|
7 (4.3)
|
8 (3.5)
|
Other
|
6 (1.3)
|
6 (1.5)
|
1 (06)
|
5 (2.2)
|
Multiple organisms*
|
62 (13.2)
|
22 (5.6)
|
8 (4.9)
|
14 (6.1)
|
None identified*
|
182 (38.6)
|
207 (52.5)
|
77 (47.0)
|
130 (56.5)
|
Bacteremia*
|
74 (15.7)
|
42 (10.7)
|
15 (9.1)
|
27 (11.7)
|
Acquisition of MDR pathogens or nosocomial pneumonia, n (%)
|
MDR bacteria
|
52 (11.0)
|
44 (11.2)
|
19 (11.6)
|
25 (10.9)
|
MRSA
|
12 (2.5)
|
12 (3.0)
|
5 (3.0)
|
7 (3)
|
Enterobacteriaceae ESBL
|
22 (4.7)
|
12 (3.0)
|
5 (3.0)
|
7 (3)
|
Nonfermentative GNB
|
25 (5.3)
|
25 (6.3)
|
14 (8.5)
|
11 (4.8)
|
Clostridium difficile
|
6 (1.3)
|
2 (0.5)
|
0 (0)
|
2 (0.9)
|
Nosocomial pneumonia
|
58 (12.3)
|
54 (13.7)
|
23 (14)
|
31 (13.5)
|
ICU stay in days, median [IQR]
|
6 [3; 15]
|
7 [3; 16]
|
7 [3.5; 15.5]
|
8 [3; 17]
|
Hospital stay in days, median [IQR]
|
15 [8; 33]
|
18 [10; 31]
|
17.5 [10.5; 35]
|
18 [9; 30]
|
Patients who died within 60 days,
£
n (%)
|
123 (26.1)
|
107 (27.2)
|
35 (21.3)
|
72 (31.3)
|