Table 3 Comparison of the groups given monotherapy and dual therapy
Monotherapy (β-lactam) | Dual therapy | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameters | Total population (n = 471) | Total population (n = 394) | β-lactam + Macrolide (n = 164) | β-lactam + Fluoroquino-lone (n = 230) |
Variables at admission | ||||
Male, n (%) | 301 (63.9) | 274 (69.5) | 110 (67.1) | 164 (71.3) |
Age in years, median [IQR] | 60 [45; 75] | 64 [48; 77] | 64 [49; 79] | 64 [47; 76] |
Scores, n (%) | ||||
SAPSII*£ | 47 [34; 60] | 39.5 [28; 57] | 37 [28.5; 51] | 43[28; 63] |
SOFA score£ | 6 [4; 9] | 6 [3; 9] | 5 [3; 8] | 7 [4; 10] |
LOD score*£ | 5 [3; 7] | 4 [2; 7] | 3 [2; 5.5] | 4 [2; 8] |
Coma Glasgow Scale*£ | 8 [4; 15] | 15 [8.5; 15] | 15 [11;15] | 14 [7; 15] |
McCabe, n (%) | ||||
1 | 326 (69.2) | 284 (72.4) | 119 (73.5) | 165 (71.7) |
2 | 124 (26.3) | 98 (25.0) | 40 (24.7) | 58 (25.2) |
3 | 21 (4.5) | 10 (2.6) | 3 (1.9) | 7 (3.0) |
CURB-65,* n (%) | ||||
0 | 3 (0.6) | 7 (1.8) | 1 (0.6) | 6 (2.6) |
1 | 20 (4.2) | 38 (9.6) | 15 (9.1) | 23 (10.0) |
2 | 88 (18.7) | 71 (18.0) | 34 (20.7) | 37 (16.1) |
3 | 157 (33.3) | 107 (27.2) | 42 (25.6) | 65 (28.3) |
4 | 122 (25.9) | 107 (27.2) | 46 (28.0) | 61 (26.5) |
5 | 81 (17.2) | 64 (16.2) | 26 (15.9) | 38 (16.5) |
Co-morbidities (Knaus definitions), n (%) | ||||
Chronic hepatic failure£ | 23 (4.9) | 17 (4.3) | 3 (1.8) | 14 (6.1) |
Chronic heart failure | 47 (10.0) | 48 (12.2) | 25 (15.2) | 23 (10.0) |
Chronic respiratory failure*£ | 65 (13.8) | 86 (21.8) | 52 (31.7) | 34 (14.8) |
Chronic renal failure | 9 (1.9) | 7 (1.8) | 3 (1.8) | 4 (1.7) |
Diabetes | 58 (12.3) | 48 (12.2) | 16 (9.8) | 32 (13.9) |
≥One co-morbidity* | 153 (32.5) | 161 (40.9) | 75 (45.7) | 86 (37.4) |
Smokers (>20 pack-years), n (%) | 114 (31.1) | 97 (28.1) | 41 (29.3) | 56 (27.3) |
Alcohol (>80 g/d)* n (%) | 101 (27.6) | 73 (21.2) | 31 (22.1) | 42 (20.5) |
Sepsis, n (%) | 458 (97.2) | 383 (97.2) | 158 (96.3) | 225 (97.8) |
Severe sepsis, n (%) * | 395 (83.9) | 360 (91.4) | 146 (89) | 214 (93.0) |
Septic shock, n (%)* | 146 (31.0) | 152(38.6) | 55 (33.5) | 97(42.2) |
Treatments, n (%) unless otherwise stated | ||||
Invasive ventilation*£ | 340 (72.2) | 207 (52.5) | 73 (44.5 | 134 (58.3) |
Noninvasive ventilation* | 40 (8.5) | 58 (14.7) | 27 (16.5) | 31 (13.5) |
Inotropes or vasoactive agents*£ | 189 (40.1) | 191 (48.5) | 67 (40.9) | 124 (53.9) |
Corticosteroids* | 69 (14.6) | 96 (24.4) | 40 (24.4) | 56 (24.3) |
Hemodialysis/Hemofil-tration | 23 (4.9) | 31 (7.9) | 11 (637) | 20 (8.7) |
Antibiotic therapy duration in days, median [IQR]* | 7 [4; 13] | 8 [4; 14] | 7 [4; 13] | 8 [4; 15] |
Organisms, n (%) | ||||
Streptococcus pneumoniae* £ | 125 (26.5) | 69 (17.5) | 42 (25.6) | 27 (11.7) |
Staphylococcus aureus* £ | 65 (13.8) | 25 (6.3) | 5 (3.0) | 20 (8.7) |
Streptococcus spp. | 22 (4.7) | 9 (2.3) | 2 (1.2) | 7 (3.0) |
Enterocococcus spp. | 3 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Hemophilus influenzae* | 57 (12.1) | 29 (7.4) | 15 (9.1) | 14 (6.1) |
Klebsiella pneumoniae | 16 (3.4) | 8 (2.0) | 3 (1.8) | 5 (2.2) |
Escherichia coli | 23 (4.9) | 10 (2.5) | 2 (1.2) | 8 (3.5) |
Enterobacteriaceae spp.* | 11 (2.3) | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.4) |
Serratia marescens | 3 (0.6) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) |
Proteus mirabilis | 7 (1.5) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 13 (2.8) | 14 (3.6) | 5 (3.0) | 9 (3.9) |
Legionella pneumophila* | 1 (0.2) | 9 (2.3) | 5 (3.0) | 4 (1.7) |
Mycoplasma pneumoniae | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Chlamydia pneumoniae | 0 (0)) | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.9) |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis £ | 3 (0.6) | 6 (1.5) | 5 (3.0) | 1 (0.4) |
Aspergillus fumigatus | 0 (0) | 3 (0.8) | 2 (1.2) | 1 (0.4) |
Viruses* | 6 (1.3) | 15 (3.8) | 7 (4.3) | 8 (3.5) |
Other | 6 (1.3) | 6 (1.5) | 1 (06) | 5 (2.2) |
Multiple organisms* | 62 (13.2) | 22 (5.6) | 8 (4.9) | 14 (6.1) |
None identified* | 182 (38.6) | 207 (52.5) | 77 (47.0) | 130 (56.5) |
Bacteremia* | 74 (15.7) | 42 (10.7) | 15 (9.1) | 27 (11.7) |
Acquisition of MDR pathogens or nosocomial pneumonia, n (%) | ||||
MDR bacteria | 52 (11.0) | 44 (11.2) | 19 (11.6) | 25 (10.9) |
MRSA | 12 (2.5) | 12 (3.0) | 5 (3.0) | 7 (3) |
Enterobacteriaceae ESBL | 22 (4.7) | 12 (3.0) | 5 (3.0) | 7 (3) |
Nonfermentative GNB | 25 (5.3) | 25 (6.3) | 14 (8.5) | 11 (4.8) |
Clostridium difficile | 6 (1.3) | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.9) |
Nosocomial pneumonia | 58 (12.3) | 54 (13.7) | 23 (14) | 31 (13.5) |
ICU stay in days, median [IQR] | 6 [3; 15] | 7 [3; 16] | 7 [3.5; 15.5] | 8 [3; 17] |
Hospital stay in days, median [IQR] | 15 [8; 33] | 18 [10; 31] | 17.5 [10.5; 35] | 18 [9; 30] |
Patients who died within 60 days, £ n (%) | 123 (26.1) | 107 (27.2) | 35 (21.3) | 72 (31.3) |