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Table 1 Characteristics of studies included

From: Death after percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy: a systematic review and analysis of risk factors

Study

Departmental data obtained by personal communication with the corresponding author

Author

 

Year

Design

Population

Number of PDTs

Number of deaths

Mortality rate

Number of PDTs

Number of deaths

Mortality rate

Byhahn

[16]

 

CR

  

2

    

Cobean

[15]

 

CR

  

1

    

Hutchinson

[17]

1991

CR

  

1

    

Cokis

[18]

2000

CR

  

1

    

Hürter

[19]

2000

CR

Surgical

 

1

 

252

2

0.79

Drage

[20]

2002

CR

  

1

    

Maeda

[21]

2002

CR

Mixed

 

1

    

Soubirou

[22]

2002

CR

Surgical

 

1

    

Ryan

[23]

2003

CR

  

1

    

Shlugman

[24]

2003

CR

Neurological

 

1

 

700

1

0.14

McCormick

[25]

2005

CR

Mixed

 

3

 

2,100

4

0.19

Grant

[26]

2006

CR

Mixed

 

3

    

Rosolski

[27]

2006

CR

Mixed

 

1

 

420

1

0.24

Ayoub

[28]

2007

CR

  

1

    

Zehlicke

[29]

2007

CR

  

1

    

Wang

[30]

2009

CR

  

1

    

Hoiting

[31]

2010

CR

  

2

    

Gilbey

[32]

2012

CR

Mixed

 

1

 

420

1

0.24

Ivatury

[33]

1992

RS

 

61

1

1.64

   

Cobean

[34]

1996

RS

Mixed

65

1

1.54

1,080

2

0.19

van Heurn

[35]

1996

RS

Mixed

150

1

0.67

880

1

0.11

Thompson

[36]

2001

RS

Medical

300

1

0.33

   

Pandit

[37]

2006

RS

Mixed

501

1

0.20

1,265

2

0.16

Klein

[38]

2007

RS

Mixed

207

1

0.48

   

Dennis

[39]

2013

RS

 

3162

5

0.16

3,162

5

0.16

Toye

[40]

1986

POS

 

94

1

1.06

   

Marelli

[41]

1990

POS

 

61

1

1.64

   

Wang

[42]

1992

POS

Surgical

7

1

14.29

   

Friedman

[43]

1993

POS

 

100

1

1.00

   

Cole

[44]

1994

POS

 

55

1

1.82

   

Barba

[45]

1995

POS

Surgical

27

1

3.70

   

Muhl

[46]

1995

POS

Surgical

14

1

7.14

720

1

0.14

Joosten

[47]

1996

POS

Surgical

53

1

1.89

420

1

0.24

Marx

[48]

1996

POS

 

254

1

0.39

   

Berrouschot

[49]

1997

POS

Neurological

76

2

2.63

900

2

0.22

Walz

[50]

1998

POS

 

337

2

0.59

   

Suh

[51]

1999

POS

 

95

2

2.11

1,040

2

0.19

Escarment

[52]

2000

POS

 

162

2

1.23

   

Kearney

[53]

2000

POS

Mixed

827

5

0.60

5,400

9

0.17

Lim

[54]

2000

POS

 

261

2

0.77

   

Norwood

[55]

2000

POS

 

422

1

0.24

   

Tan

[56]

2004

POS

 

352

1

0.28

   

Byhahn

[57]

2005

POS

Surgical

474

2

0.42

2,775

4

0.14

Chiu

[58]

2005

POS

Medical

107

1

0.93

900

1

0.11

Páez

[59]

2005

POS

 

38

2

5.26

   

Porter

[60]

1999

RT

Surgical

12

1

8.33

   

Massick

[61]

2001

RT

Medical

50

1

2.00

   

Own cases

   

Mixed

 

3

 

1,873

3

0.16

Summary

    

8324

71

2.18*

24,307

42

0.17

  1. *Calculated mean mortality rate including data from retrospective studies, prospective observational studies and randomized trials. CR, case report, RS, retrospective study, POS, prospective observational study, RT, randomized trial.
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