Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses for overall compliance with the entire resuscitation bundle

Tertile groups of crowding

 Low

Reference

Reference

 Intermediate

0.69 (0.46 to 1.01)

0.058

0.70 (0.45 to 1.09)

0.116

 High

0.41 (0.27 to 0.64)

<0.001

0.44 (0.26 to 0.76)

0.003

Age >65 years

1.15 (0.83 to 1.61)

0.382

1.16 (0.82 to 1.66)

0.391

Female gender

1.02 (0.73 to 1.42)

0.901

1.15 (0.82 to 1.67)

0.429

Comorbidities

 Hypertension

1.14 (0.80 to 1.62)

0.460

 Diabetes

0.86 (0.57 to 1.30)

0.475

 Cardiovascular disease

0.90 (0.52 to 1.56)

0.701

 Chronic lung disease

0.60 (0.27 to 1.30)

0.193

 Chronic renal disease

1.07 (0.49 to 2.32)

0.869

 Chronic hepatic disease

0.64 (0.34 to 1.24)

0.190

 Metastatic solid cancer

0.81 (0.55 to 1.20)

0.295

 Hematologic malignancy

1.05 (0.65 to 1.71)

0.842

 Organ transplantation

0.51 (0.11 to 2.30)

0.381

 Neutropenia (ANC <500 mm³)

0.90 (0.57 to 1.40)

0.631

Nursing home resident

0.79 (0.32 to 1.98)

0.621

Poor performance status

0.62 (0.26 to 1.53)

0.302

Suspected infection focus

 Others

Reference

 Intra-abdominal infection

0.98 (0.62 to 1.57)

0.962

 Pneumonia

0.86 (0.53 to 1.42)

0.559

 Urinary tract infection

1.48 (0.86 to 2.56)

0.150

Heart rate >100 per minute

0.90 (0.63 to 1.27)

0.545

Respiratory rate >24 per minute

1.03 (0.68 to 1.56)

0.886

Body temperature >38.0°C

1.50 (1.07 to 2.09)

0.016

1.68 (1.17 to 2.40)

0.005

Initial presentation of cryptic shock

0.35 (0.24 to 0.52)

<0.001

0.39 (0.24 to 0.65)

<0.001

Lactate >4 mmol/L

0.55 (0.40 to 0.78)

0.001

0.80 (0.53 to 1.22)

0.311

SOFA score ≥8

1.93 (1.38 to 2.69)

<0.001

1.46 (1.00 to 2.13)

0.051

Mechanical ventilation

0.72 (0.41 to 1.25)

0.251

Time period, night (10 PM to 7 AM)

1.34 (0.92 to 1.94)

0.116

0.93 (0.60 to 1.42)

0.725

Time period, weekend

1.47 (1.03 to 2.10)

0.032

1.24 (0.81 to 1.92)

0.313

Physician’s experience

  ≤ 2^nd year residents

Reference

Reference

  ≥ 3^rd year residents or

2.51 (1.74 to 3.63)

<0.001

2.85 (1.90 to 4.28)

<0.001

Board-certified physicians

Physician’s gender (male)

0.93 (0.67 to 1.29)

0.673

0.83 (0.58 to 1.19)

0.318

Nurse’s experience

 0 to about 2 years

Reference

Reference

 3 to about5 years

1.38 (0.94 to 2.01)

0.093

1.56 (1.04 to 2.36)

0.030

 More than 5 years

1.01 (0.65 to 1.58)

0.948

1.16 (0.73 to 1.88)

0.604

Use of EMS

1.12 (0.79-1.60)

0.496

Study period

 2008 to about 2009

Reference

Reference

 2010 to about 2012

0.98 (0.70 to 1.37)

0.921

1.19 (0.82 to 1.73)

0.369

Critical care zone at full capacity

0.66 (0.33 to 1.35)

0.258