Table 2 Characteristics of current hospitalization among metformin users and non-users (overall and after propensity- score matching)
From: Preadmission metformin use and mortality among intensive care patients with diabetes: a cohort study
Full cohort of all ICU patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 7,404) | Propensity score-matched cohort | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All Metformin users | All Metformin users (n=2,408) | Non-users (n = 4,996), | Metformin users (n = 2,192) | Non-users (n = 2,192) | ||
Metformin monotherapy users (n = 1,073) | Metformin combination therapy users (n = 1,335) | |||||
Diagnostic category | ||||||
Pneumonia | 28 (2.6) | 45 (3.4) | 73 (3.0) | 211 (4.2) | 65 (3.0) | 89 (4.1) |
Septicemia | 39 (3.6) | 34 (2.6) | 73 (3.0) | 182 (3.6) | 68 (3.1) | 83 (3.8) |
Other infectious diseases | 54 (5.0) | 73 (5.5) | 127 (5.3) | 310 (6.2) | 118 (5.4) | 122 (5.6) |
Diabetes | 11 (1.0) | 33 (2.5) | 44 (1.8) | 170 (3.4) | 42 (1.9) | 59 (2.7) |
Endocrinology excluding diabetes | 18 (1.7) | 31 (2.3) | 49 (2.0) | 84 (1.7) | 48 (2.2) | 41 (1.9) |
Cardiovascular diseases | 353 (32.9) | 499 (37.4) | 852 (35.4) | 1,407 (28.2) | 764 (34.9) | 723 (33.0) |
Respiratory diseases | 75 (7.0) | 107 (8.0) | 182 (7.6) | 357 (7.2) | 164 (7.5) | 156 (7.1) |
Gastrointestinal and liver diseases | 119 (11.1) | 129 (9.7) | 248 (10.3) | 624 (12.5) | 226 (10.3) | 230 (10.5) |
Cancer and other neoplasms | 133 (12.4) | 129 (9.7) | 262 (10.9) | 566 (11.3) | 243 (11.1) | 256 (11.7) |
Trauma and poisoning | 114 (10.6) | 104 (7.8) | 218 (9.1) | 415 (8.3) | 193 (8.8) | 160 (7.3) |
Other | 129 (12.0) | 151 (11.3) | 280 (11.6) | 670 (13.4) | 261 (11.9) | 273 (12.5) |
ICU admission type | ||||||
Medical | 391 (36.4) | 502 (37.6) | 893 (37.1) | 2,090 (41.8) | 829 (37.8) | 853 (38.9) |
Acute, non-cardiac surgery | 288 (26.8) | 332 (24.9) | 620 (25.8) | 1,476 (29.5) | 568 (25.9) | 592 (27.0) |
Acute, cardiac surgery | 43 (4.0) | 52 (3.9) | 95 (4.0) | 174 (3.5) | 86 (3.9) | 88 (4.0) |
Elective, non-cardiac surgery | 164 (15.3) | 192 (14.4) | 356 (14.8) | 673 (13.5) | 324 (14.8) | 303 (13.8) |
Elective, cardiac surgery | 187 (17.4) | 257 (19.3) | 444 (18.4) | 583 (11.7) | 385 (17.6) | 356 (16.2) |
Biochemical evidence of organ dysfunction a | ||||||
Renal | ||||||
Creatinine <110 μmol/L | 624 (58.2) | 747 (56.0) | 1,371 (56.9) | 2,340 (46.8) | 1,222 (55.8) | 1,146 (52.3) |
Creatinine 110 to 299 μmol/L | 222 (20.7) | 310 (23.2) | 532 (22.1) | 1,408 (28.2) | 488 (22.3) | 601 (27.4) |
Creatinine ≥300 μmol/L | 53 (4.9) | 65 (4.9) | 118 (4.9) | 379 (7.6) | 108 (4.9) | 114 (5.2) |
Creatinine missingb | 174 (16.2) | 213 (16.0) | 387 (16.1) | 869 (17.4) | 374 (17.1) | 331 (15.1) |
Liver | ||||||
Bilirubin <20 μmol/L | 468 (43.6) | 575 (43.1) | 1,043 (43.4) | 2,086 (41.8) | 950 (43.3) | 900 (41.1) |
Bilirubin 20 to 101 μmol/L | 65 (6.1) | 81 (6.1) | 146 (6.1) | 446 (8.9) | 130 (5.9) | 175 (8.0) |
Bilirubin ≥102 μmol/L | 4 (0.4) | 11 (0.8) | 15 (0.6) | 47 (0.9) | 13 (0.6) | 21 (1.0) |
Bilirubin missingb | 536 (50.0) | 668 (50.0) | 1,204 (50.0) | 2,417 (48.4) | 1,099 (50.1) | 1,096 (50.0) |
Coagulation | ||||||
Platelet count ≥150 ×109/L | 697 (65.0) | 888 (66.5) | 1,585 (65.8) | 2,956 (59.2) | 1,439 (65.7) | 1,334 (60.9) |
Platelet count 50 to 149 ×109/L | 187 (17.4) | 228 (17.1) | 415 (17.2) | 938 (18.8) | 366 (16.7) | 443 (20.2) |
Platelet count <50 ×109/L | 12 (1.1) | 10 (0.8) | 22 (0.9) | 80 (1.6) | 21 (1.0) | 30 (1.4) |
Platelet count missingb | 177 (16.5) | 209 (15.7) | 386 (16.0) | 1,022 (20.5) | 366 (16.7) | 385 (17.6) |
C-reactive proteina- median mg/L (IQR) | 103 (22-282) | 112 (24-287) | 107 (23-284) | 179 (43-365) | 108 (24-284) | 157 (30-350) |
ICU treatments | ||||||
Mechanical ventilation | 492 (45.9) | 647 (48.5) | 1,139 (47.3) | 1,962 (39.3) | 1,017 (46.4) | 957 (43.7) |
Renal replacement therapy | 66 (6.2) | 83 (6.2) | 149 (6.2) | 319 (6.4) | 134 (6.1) | 113 (5.2) |
Treatment with inotropes/vasopressors | 361 (33.6) | 456 (34.2) | 817 (33.9) | 1,566 (31.4) | 755 (34.4) | 715 (32.6) |