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Table 4 Quality assessment of observational studies with no comparison group.a

From: Safety and efficacy of noninvasive ventilation in patients with blunt chest trauma: a systematic review

 

Selection

Exposure/outcome

Overall score

Study

Representation of the exposed cohort

Ascertainment of exposure

Outcome not present at start

Assessment of outcomes

Time for follow-up

Adequacy of follow-up

 

Xirouchaki et al. (2004)

*

*

*

-

-

-

Low

Tanaka et al. (2001)

*

*

_

_

-

-

Low

Walz et al. (1998)

*

*

*

-

-

-

Low

Hurst et al. (1985)

*

*

-

-

-

-

Low

  1. aAsterisks in each category signify identification of an appropriate methodological process in the study. Studies were considered to be of low quality if any component of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was missing, as there was no comparison group, which introduces selection bias at baseline.
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Critical Care

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