Table 1 Glucose control parameters, treatments, and outcomes among enrolled patients stratified by minimum blood glucose levels

Age

71.9 ± 11.2

69.3 ± 12.6

72.4 ± 11.0

0.177^b

Male/female

11/13

34/22

121/112

0.379^c

Diabetes

10 (41.7%)

31 (55.4%)

61 (26.2%)

< 0.001^c

Admission SAPS II

57 ± 15.9

52.2 ± 14.0

46.4 ± 13.1

< 0.001^b

Laboratory parameters

   WBC (mm³)

11,550 (6,950 to 20,775)

13,450 (6,225 to 20,075)

14,300 (8,850 to 21,050)

0.053^d

   Hematocrit (%)

32.2 ± 6.0

31.1 ± 7.8

34.8 ± 6.7

0.001^b

   Platelet (×10³ mm³)

166.0 (73.8 to 268.3)

190.0 (101.0 to 288.3)

209.0 (121.0 to 288.0)

0.320^d

   Lactate (mmol/l)

4.8 (3.5 to 8.6)

4.5 (2.6 to 7.0)

3.5 (2.3 to 5.6)

0.013^d

   Serum albumin (g/dl)

2.9 ± 0.6

3.0 ± 0.6

3.2 ± 0.6

0.020^b

   Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dl)

28.3 (17.8 to 41.3)

36.6 (18.1 to 50.7)

25.6 (16.4 to 42.3)

0.237^d

   Creatinine (mg/dl)

1.1 (0.7 to 2.5)

1.3 (0.9 to 2.3)

1.2 (0.8 to 1.9)

0.345^d

   Total bilirubin (mg/dl)

0.9 (0.6 to 1.4)

0.9 (0.5 to 1.7)

0.9 (0.6 to 1.9)

0.744^d

   BNP (pg/ml)

554.4 (207.3 to 1205.4)

347.3 (133.8 to 1377.4)

251.9 (138.8 to 638.2)

0.029^d

   CK-MB (ng/ml)

3.9 (2.0 to 7.9)

2.3 (1.3 to 8.2)

2.0 (0.9 to 4.95)

0.023^d

   C-reactive protein (mg/l)

170.9 (77.3 to 232.1)

142.0 (86.9 to 225.0)

157.0 (81.6 to 239.5)

0.931^d

BG control parameters

   Number of BG tests (/day/patient)

6.3 (4.9 to 9.9)

6.4 (5.0 to 7.9)

5.2 (4.3 to 6.7)

< 0.001^d

   Mean BG (mg/dl)^e

163.9 (146.0 to 194.3)

189.3 (166.9 to 208.1)

174.6 (145.0 to 205.9)

0.096^d

   Median SD (mg/dl)

73.1 (48.9 to 116.2)

71.3 (46.1 to 92.9)

42.1 (30.5 to 62.0)

< 0.001^d

   Median CV (%)

41.6 (29.4 to 56.5)

37.6 (29.2 to 45.2)

24.2 (18.9 to 31.8)

< 0.001^d

   Hermanides' metric (mg/dl)

11.9 (6.9 to 22.1)

11.7 (8.0 to 16.0)

6.6 (4.5 to 9.6)

< 0.001^d

Insulin therapy

18 (75.0%)

43 (76.8%)

142 (60.9%)

0.015^{c, f}

Systemic steroid therapy

9 (37.5%)

26 (46.4%)

91 (39.1%)

0.576^{c, f}

Vasopressors

23 (95.8%)

45 (80.4%)

166 (71.2%)

0.017^{c, f}

Mechanical ventilation

23 (95.8%)

40 (71.4%)

132 (56.7%)

< 0.001^{c, f}

VAP

3 (12.5%)

6 (10.7%)

7 (3.0%)

0.015^{c, f}

Renal replacement therapy

5 (20.8%)

11 (19.6%)

25 (10.7%)

0.150^c

Length of ICU stay (days)

11.5 (3.3-19.8)

7.0 (5.0-14.0)

5.0 (3.0-9.0)

< 0.001^d

ICU mortality

18/24 (75.0%)

34/56 (60.7%)

66/233 (28.3%)

< 0.001^{c, f}

Hospital mortality

19/24 (79.2%)

37/56 (66.1%)

71/233 (30.5%)

< 0.001^{c, f}

30-day mortality

18/24 (75.0%)

34/55 (61.8%)

69/230 (30.0%)

< 0.001^{c, f}

1-year mortality

21/24 (87.5%)

41/55 (74.5%)

107/230 (46.5%)

< 0.001^{c, f}