Table 2 Vital parameters, infusion volume, and blood transfusions during the initial resuscitation period (prehospital phase and time from arrival in the emergency department until arrival on ICU) in relation to the fracture type of the pelvic ring according Tile/OTA fracture classification

Prehospital phase

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg, mean ± SD)

109 ± 31 (n = 227)

120 ± 26 (n = 59)

113 ± 31 (n = 73)

100 ± 32 (n = 95)

<0.001

<0.001

0.005

n.s.

Ratio of patients in shock in the field (systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg) (%)

19.4 (n = 227)

11.9 (n = 7)

16.4 (n = 12)

26.3 (n = 25)

0.065

n.s.

n.s.

n.s.

Heart rate (beats/min., mean ± SD)

99 ± 23 (n = 231)

91 ± 18 (n = 62)

101 ± 20 (n = 71)

102 ± 27 (n = 98)

0.006

0.003

n.s.

0.006

Oxygen saturation (%, mean ± SD)

93 ± 10 (n = 230)

94 ± 6 (n = 53)

92 ± 8 (n = 65)

91 ± 13 (n = 81)

0.578

n.s.

n.s.

n.s.

Infusion volume (crystalloids + colloids) (ml, mean ± SD)

1,464 ± 1,032 (n = 258)

1,072 ± 881 (n = 67)

1,608 ± 1,096 (n = 79)

1,596 ± 1,017 (n = 112)

<0.001

< 0.001

0.953

<0.001

Emergency department (ED)

Systolic blood pressure on ED arrival (mm Hg, mean ± SD)

115 ± 27 (n = 304)

123 ± 25 (n = 69)

115 ± 23 (n = 103)

111 ± 31 (n = 132)

0.013

0.004

n.s.

n.s.

Ratio of patients in shock on ED arrival (systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg) (%)

12.2 (n = 304)

4.3 (n = 3)

8.7 (n = 9)

18.9 (n = 25)

0.005

0.005

0.039

0.366

Heart rate (beats/min., mean ± SD)

91 ± 21 (n = 297)

87 ± 19 (n = 68)

92 ± 20 (n = 100)

93 ± 22 (n = 129)

0.143

n.s.

n.s.

n.s.

Infusion volume ED to ICU (crystalloids + colloids) (ml, mean ± SD)

2,884 ± 2,471 (n = 290)

1,991 ± 1,975 (n = 67)

2,645 ± 2,438 (n = 103)

3,587 ± 2,565 (n = 120)

<0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.118

Packed red blood cell concentrates ED to ICU (PRBC) (units, mean ± SD)

3.4 ± 7.2 (n = 344)

2.1 ± 5.7 (n = 42)

3.0 ± 6.2 (n = 54)

4.5 ± 8.5 (n = 83)

<0.001

< 0.001

n.s.

0.005

Fresh frozen plasma ED to ICU (FFP) (units, mean ± SD)

3.0 ± 6.6 (n = 344)

1.7 ± 4.9 (n = 37)

2.7 ± 6.3 (n = 52)

3.8 ± 7.5 (n = 73)

0.010

0.003

n.s.

n.s.

Total initial resuscitation period

Total infusion volume during the initial resuscitation period (crystalloids + colloids) (ml, mean ± SD)

4,626 ± 3,079 (n = 222)

3,173 ± 2,613 (n = 57)

4,677 ± 2,976 (n = 72)

5,476 ± 3,121 (n = 93)

<0.001

< 0.001

0.061

<0.001