Table 3 Patient presentation and on-site clinical assessment and care.
From: Risk factors for onset of hypothermia in trauma victims: The HypoTraum study
Patients with hypothermia on arrival at hospital | Patients without hypothermia on arrival at hospital | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
Trauma victims - Number (%) | 62 (13) | 399 (87) | |
Presentation of victim | |||
Trapped - Number (%) | 7 (11) | 51 (13) | 0.6 |
Seated - Number (%) | 6 (9) | 61 (16) | 0.2 |
Lying - Number (%) | 58 (91) | 319 (83) | |
On the ground - Number (%) | 51 (80) | 215 (56) | 0.01 |
Unclothed - Number (%) | 25 (39) | 117 (30) | 0.2 |
Covered by a blanket - Number (%) | 33 (53) | 194 (49) | 0.8 |
Wet - Number (%) | 14 (22) | 34 (9) | 0.01 |
Clinical examination | |||
Head injury - Number (%) | 45 (70) | 165 (43) | 0.0001 |
Chest injury - Number (%) | 24 (37) | 112 (29) | 0.2 |
Abdominal injury - Number (%) | 7 (11) | 51 (13) | 0.8 |
Hip injury - Number (%) | 10 (16) | 66 (17) | 1 |
Limb injury - Number (%) | 33 (52) | 149 (39) | 0.04 |
Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) | 12 (5-15) | 15 (15-15) | 0.0001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 118 (74-139) | 125 (110-140) | 0.01 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 88 (70-110) | 88 (75-100) | 0.5 |
Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 18 (15-24) | 18 (16-22) | 0.6 |
Pulse oxymetry (SpO2) | 98 (96-100) | 99 (97100) | 0.2 |
Revised Trauma Score (RTS) | 10 (8-11) | 11 (11-11) | <0.0001 |
Initial tympanic temperature (°C) | 34.2 (33.2-34.8) | 35.7 (35.1-36.4) | <0.0001 |
On-site management | |||
Time from accident to EMS arrival (min) | 30 (22-43) | 30 (24-45) | 0.8 |
Mobile unit temp on arrival (°C) | 21.7 (19.6-23.0) | 22.0 (20.0-25.2) | <0.0001 |
Lowest mobile unit temperature (°C) | 19.8 (18.0-22.0) | 21.7 (19.7-24.9) | <0.0001 |
Vascular filling volume (ml) | 510 (300-1250) | 300 (210-500) | <0.0001 |
Infusion fluid temperature (°C) | 19.5 (17.7-21.0) | 22.0 (19.2-24.9) | <0.0001 |
Catecholamine - Number (%) | 9 (14) | 7 (2) | <0.0001 |
Orotracheal intubation - Number (%) | 32 (50) | 25 (7) | <0.0001 |
Morphine - Number (%) | 37 (58) | 223 (58) | 1 |
Warming - Number (%)a | 56 (87) | 284 (74) | 0.03 |
Time from EMS arrival to hospital admission (min) | 65 (53-90) | 60 (45-75) | 0.01 |