Table 9 Studies evaluting von Willebrands factor

Claus et al., [89]

2009

63

ICU patients with severe sepsis (11), non-elective cardiac surgery (22), elective cardiac surgery as ICU controls (24), and post-exercise as healthy controls (6)

1992 ACCP/SCCM [1]

VWF:Ag higher in patients with sepsis and post non-elective cardiac surgery than ICU controls (P < 0.05)

VWF:Ag shows tendency to discriminate survivors from nonsurivors

Bockmeyer et al., [90]

2008

57

ICU patients with sepsis (11), non-elective cardiac surgery (22), and elective cardiac surgery as ICU controls (24)

Not specified

VWF:Ag higher in sepsis and in non-elective cardiac surgery than ICU controls (both P < 0.001)

VWF:Ag correlated with mortality (P < 0.05)

van der Heijden et al., [45]

2008

112

Mechanically ventilated patients, with sepsis (24) and without (88)

1992 ACCP/SCCM [1]

VWF higher in patients with sepsis than without sepsis (P < 0.001)

VWF correlated with mortality (P = 0.006); VWF higher in those with ALI/ARDS than those without (P < 0.001)

Hovinga et al., [95]

2007

80

Medical and surgical ICU patients with severe sepsis or septic shock (40), and healthy controls (40)

1992 ACCP/SCCM [1]

VWF:Ag and VWF:RCO higher in sepsis than controls (P < 0.001)

VWF not correlated with disease severity, organ dysfunction, or mortality

Martin et al., [91]

2007

89

ICU patients with severe sepsis (30), sepsis-unrelated organ failure (29), and healthy controls (30)

1992 ACCP/SCCM [1]

VWF:Ag tends to differentiate severe sepsis from sepsis-unrelated organ failure (P > 0.05)

VWF:Ag not correlated with mortality

Scherpereel et al., [53]

2006

90

ICU patients with sepsis (63), SIRS (7), and healthy controls (20)

1992 ACCP/SCCM [1]

VWF higher in sepsis than SIRS (P < 0.02)

VWF correlated with mortality (P = 0.039)

Ware et al., [94]

2001

51

ICU patients with ALI, ARDS (45% due to sepsis)

Temperature > 38° or < 35°C, systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg (or a drop of 20 mm Hg or more in the systolic blood pressure from baseline), both present for at least 2 h; AND a clinically identifiable source of infection [103]

VWF:Ag higher in patients with sepsis than those without (P < 0.05)

VWF correlated with mortality (P < 0.005); higher in those with longer duration of ventilation P < 0.005; not correlated with illness severity scores (SAPSII, Lung Injury Score)

Garcia-Fernandez et al., [92]

2000

80

ICU patients with SIRS and acute renal failure (40), and healthy controls (40)

1992 ACCP/SCCM [1]

VWF higher in SIRS than controls (P < 0.001)

Bajaj et al., [97]

1999

60

Ward and ICU patients with ARDS (18), at risk of ARDS (15), and healthy controls (27)

Clinical diagnosis of sepsis

VWF does not differentiate patients with ARDS due to sepsis from other etiologies

VWF higher in ARDS (P < 0.001) and at risk ARDS (P < 0.01) compared to controls but did not differ significantly between these two groups

Kayal et al., [59]

1998

41

ICU patients with severe sepsis or septic shock (25), ICU controls (7), healthy controls (9)

1992 ACCP/SCCM [1]

VWF:Ag higher in sepsis than noninfected ICU controls and healthy controls (P < 0.0001); higher in septic shock than those without septic shock (P < 0.01)

VWF:Ag correlated with mortality (P < 0.01); correlated with SAPS and MOF score (r = 0.57, P < 0.01 for MOF)

Moss et al., [66]

1996

66

ICU patients with sepsis (19), trauma (36), healthy controls (11)

Clinical diagnosis of sepsis

VWF:Ag higher in septic patients than trauma patients and controls (both P < 0.001)

Moss et al., [98]

1995

96

Hospitalized patients at risk of ARDS, including sepsis (30)

Clinical diagnosis of sepsis

VWF:Ag not predictive of the development of ARDS

Lorente et al., [93]

1993

48

ICU patients with septic shock

1992 ACCP/SCCM [1]

VWF:Ag not predictive of mortality

Rubin et al., [96]

1990

45

ICU patients with nonpulmonary sepsis

Clinical diagnosis of sepsis

VWF:Ag correlated with mortality (P < 0.005) and ALI (P < 0.01)