Table 8 Studies evaluating Endothelin-1

Schuetz et al., [81]

2007

95

Consecutive ICU admissions with SIRS, sepsis, septic shock

1992 ACCP/SCCM [1]

Endothelin-1 rises with sepsis, septic shock, compared with SIRS (64.3, 131.6, 23.1 pmol/L, respectively; P < 0.01 between SIRS and sepsis, P < 0.05 between sepsis and septic shock)

Endothelin-1 not correlated with mortality (p = 0.87)

Piechota et al., [85]

2007

20

Medical ICU patients with sepsis

1992 ACCP/SCCM [1], severity graded by procalcitonin and C-reactive protein level

Endothelin-1 correlates with CRP and PCT levels as estimates of level of sepsis severity (P < 0.05 for both)

Endothelin-1 correlates with SOFA score (p < 0.001)

Weitzberg et al., [86]

1991

16

Sepsis (6) and healthy controls (10)

Bone et al., [102]

Endothelin-1 elevated in sepsis compared with healthy controls (11.3 vs. 2.4 pmol/l, P < 0.01)

n/a

Furian et al. [76]

2011

45

Patients admitted to ICU with severe sepsis or septic shock

1992 ACCP/SCCM [1]

Endothelin-1 levels associated with left ventricular and right ventricular function. (p = 0.002)

Pittet et al., [87]

1991

40

Sepsis (14), post-operative cardiac surgery (15) and healthy controls (11)

Bone et al., [102]

Endothelin-1 elevated in septic patients compared with healthy controls (19.9 vs 6.1 pg/ml, P < 0.0001)

Endothelin-1 inversely correlated with cardiac index (p < 0.005); correlated with APACHE-II scores (p < 0.01)