Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the study population
Variables | All patients (N= 791) | Enrolment setting | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
ED (n= 180) | ICU (n= 382) | Perioperative (n= 229) | ||
Median age, years (IQR) | 69 (58 to 77) | 70 (60 to 79) | 69 (59 to 76) | 66 (53 to 76) |
Females, n (%) | 295 (37) | 94 (52) | 107 (28) | 94 (41) |
Medical history, n (%) | ||||
Hypertension | 491 (62) | 126 (70) | 230 (60) | 135 (59) |
Hospitalisation for hypertension | 7 (0.9) | 6 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) |
Cardiac surgery | 108 (14) | 6 (3.3) | 71 (19) | 31 (14) |
Myocardial infarction | 96 (12) | 19 (11) | 56 (15) | 21 (9.2) |
Diabetes mellitus | 189 (24) | 49 (27) | 88 (23) | 52 (23) |
Chronic kidney disease | 80 (10) | 25 (14) | 43 (11) | 12 (5.2) |
End-stage renal disease | 18 (2.3) | 5 (2.8) | 10 (2.6) | 3 (1.3) |
Neurological dysfunction or disease | 91 (12) | 29 (16) | 45 (12) | 17 (7.4) |
Peripheral vascular disease | 91 (12) | 13 (7.2) | 47 (12) | 31 (14) |
Tobacco smoker | 176 (22) | 30 (17) | 83 (22) | 63 (28) |
Alcohol misuse (≥2 drinks/day) | 45 (5.7) | 2 (1.1) | 23 (6.0) | 20 (8.7) |
Drug abuse (amphetamines, cocaine, other) | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) |
Predisposing factors, n (%) | ||||
Medication nonadherence (ED) | - | 11 (6.1) | - | - |
Medications withheld > 12 hours (ICU and perioperative) | - | - | 39 (10) | 21 (9.2) |