Table 2 Technical challenges to gene-based therapies for ALI/ARDS models
From: Clinical Review: Gene-based therapies for ALI/ARDS: where are we now?
Pulmonary defense mechanisms against inhaled particles |
   Airway mucus and epithelial lining fluid |
   Glycocalyceal barrier |
   Tight intercellular epithelial junctions |
   Limited endocytosis at luminal surface |
Difficulties in transducing the acutely injured lung |
   Loss of alveolar epithelium |
   Pulmonary edema |
   Collapsed and/or consolidated alveoli |
   Bronchial plugging by mucus and debris |
Limitations of vector systems |
   Imunogenicity of viral vectors particularly in repeated doses |
   Limitations regarding transgene size |
   Limited transfection efficiency of nonviral vectors |
Knowledge deficits regarding the optimal molecular targets |