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Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of critically ill patients with H1N1 infectiona

From: Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome as a major contributor to death in patients with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection

Characteristics

All patients (n= 25)

Patients with VAHS (n= 9)

Patients without VAHS (n= 16)

P value

Median age, yr (IQR)

45 (35 to 56)

53 (39 to 56)

38 (32 to 52)

0.32

Sex, F/M

9/16

2/7

7/9

0.52

Any comorbidity, n (%)b

18 (72%)

5 (56%)

13 (81%)

0.36

Obesity, n (%)c

10 (40%)

3 (33%)

7 (44%)

0.67

Median APACHE II score at admission (IQR)

21 (19 to 30)

28 (23 to 32)

21 (18 to 23)

0.29

Median SOFA score at admission (IQR)

11 (10 to 13)

13 (11 to 16)

11 (9 to 12)

0.22

Median duration of mechanical ventilation, days (IQR)

19 (13 to 26)

25 (17 to 26)

18 (11 to 25)

0.69

Patients on ECMO support, n (%)

17 (68%)

9 (100%)

8 (50%)

0.02e

Median duration of ECMO support, days (IQR)

10 (6 to 19)

10 (4 to 19)

11 (8 to 20)

0.90

Median duration of viral shedding, days (IQR)

19 (14 to 26)

21 (14 to 26)

15 (12 to 22)

0.13

Patients treated with oseltamivir, n (%)d

24 (96%)

9 (100%)

15 (94%)

0.44

Median duration of oseltamivir treatment, days (IQR)

7 (4 to 10)

10 (5 to 12)

7 (4 to 10)

0.32

Patients treated with intravenous zanamivir, n (%)d

15 (60%)

6 (67%)

9 (56%)

0.61

Median duration of zanamivir treatment, days (IQR)

7 (5 to 12)

6 (5 to 7)

10 (5 to 13)

0.32

Median peak CRP level, mg/l (IQR)

313 (271 to 344)

337 (324 to 345)

302 (241 to 315)

0.03f

Median peak LDH level, U/l (IQR)

1,175 (703 to 3,744)

3,819 (1,096 to 9,403)

933 (674 to 1,729)

0.03g

Median peak serum sIL-2R level, kU/l (IQR)

2,289 (1,416 to 5,793)

8,188 (5,120 to 10,650)

1,433 (1,092 to 1,904)

0.001f

Median peak serum ferritin level, μg/l (IQR)

1,067 (835 to 5,986)

7,576 (4,708 to 68,070)

861 (487 to 1,060)

<0.001g

Patients requiring renal replacement therapy, n (%)

14 (56%)

8 (89%)

6 (38%)

0.03e

Mortality, n (%)

12/25 (48%)

8/9 (89%)

4/16 (25%)

0.004h

  1. aVAHS, virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome; IQR, interquartile range; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; SOFA, ; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; CRP, C-reactive protein; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; sIL-2R, soluble interleukin-2 receptor; bcomorbidities were obesity, cardiovascular or chronic pulmonary disease, chronic renal insufficiency, immunosuppressive therapy after organ transplantation, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, malignant lymphoma and pregnancy (see Materials and methods for details); cobesity was defined as body mass index >30 kg/m2; dpatients received sequential therapy, that is, antiviral therapy was started with oseltamivir but was switched to intravenous zanamivir in patients with persistent viral shedding; one patient received intravenous zanamivir as initial therapy; edifference between VAHS and non-VAHS was significant based on Fisher's exact test for count data; fdifference between VAHS and non-VAHS was significant based on the Welch two-sample t-test; gdifference between VAHS and non-VAHS was significant based on the Wilcoxon rank-sum test; hdifference between VAHS and non-VAHS was significant based on log-rank analysis.
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Critical Care

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