Table 1 The characteristics of the included studies
From: Smoking on the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Study | Year | Main predisposing condition | Definition used to ascertain ARDS | No. of people include | Clinical risk factor | Assessment of smoking | Adjustment | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AlleaBelle Gongola | 2021 | Trauma center | Unnoticed | 1880 | After trauma | Smoke history | Age, sex, race, and alcohol use disorder | 7 |
Ariane R. Panzer | 2018 | ICU | The Berlin Criteria | 74 | After trauma | Plasma cotinine | gender | 6 |
B. Dai | 2010 | Hospitalized patients | Criteria set by the Chinese Medical Association's Critical Care Medicine Branch in 2006 | 92 | Virus pneumonia | Smoke history | No adjustment | 5 |
Benjamin M. Aakre | 2014 | Hospitalized patients | the Berlin Criteria | 316 | After surgery | Smoke history | Age | 6 |
Carolyn S. Calfee | 2015 | ICU | AECC | 426 | Sepsis, pneumonia, aspiration, pancreatitis, near drowning, drug overdose, or other | Urine NNAL, smoke history | Age, gender, alcohol abuse | 7 |
Emma Rachmawati | 2021 | Hospitalized patients | The fifth edition of the Indonesian COVID-19 guidelines | 490 | Covid-19 | Smoke history | No adjustment | 4 |
Farzad Moazed | 2020 | ICU | The Berlin Criteria | 635 | After trauma | Plasma cotinine | BMI, ISS | 7 |
Farzad Moazed | 2022 | ICU | Both AECC and the Berlin Criteria | 592 | Sepsis | Plasma cotinine, Urine NNAL | APACHE II, Vasopressor use | 7 |
H. Lei | 2013 | Hospitalized patients | AECC | 184 | Severe acute pancreatitis | Smoke history | No adjustment | 4 |
Hiroki Iriyama | 2020 | ICU | The Berlin Criteria | 549 | Non-pulmonary sepsis | Smoke history | Age, gender | 6 |
J. Elmer | 2013 | Hospital database | AECC | 697 | After spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage | Smoke history | No adjustment | 5 |
Jun Ying | 2019 | RICU | The Berlin Criteria | 145 | Severe Pneumonia | Smoke history | No adjustment | 5 |
Majid Afshar MD MSc | 2017 | Burn center | The Berlin Criteria | 2485 | After burn-injured | Smoke history | Age, sex, mechanism of burn, total body surface area injured, and inhalation injury | 7 |
Mats Christian Højbjerg Lassen | 2021 | Hospitalized patients | The Berlin Criteria | 168 | Covid-19 | Smoke history | Age, BMI, gender | 6 |
Ognjen Gajic | 2011 | Emergency department | AECC | 5204 | High-risk trauma, high-risk surgery, aspiration, sepsis, shock, pneumonia, and pancreatitis | Smoke history | Age | 6 |
P. Wacharasint | 2016 | SICU | AECC | 4652 | After surgery | Smoke history | Age, gender, operated or non-operated, APACHE II score, and patient’s pre-existing diseases | 8 |
Paul Balfanz | 2021 | ICU | The Berlin Criteria | 125 | Covid-19 | Smoking history | No adjustment | 5 |
Phillip A Howells | 2017 | Hospitalized patients | The Berlin Criteria | 129 | After surgery | Smoke history | Age | 5 |
S. Sang | 2021 | Hospitalized patients | ICD-10 | 16,509 | Pneumonia and/or influenza | Smoke history | No adjustment | 5 |
Shilei Li | 2020 | Hospitalized patients | The Berlin Criteria | 150 | Sepsis | Smoke history | No adjustment | 5 |
T. N. Ferro | 2010 | Trauma center | AECC | 327 | After trauma | Smoke history | No adjustment | 5 |
W. Chen | 2020 | Hospitalized patients | The Berlin Criteria | 104 | Sepsis | Smoke history | No adjustment | 4 |
X. Huang | 2019 | ICU | The Berlin Criteria | 152 | Sepsis | Smoke history | No adjustment | 6 |
Y. Matusov | 2020 | Trauma center | The Berlin Criteria | 272 | Sepsis | Smoke history | No adjustment | 5 |
Y. Wang | 2019 | ICU | The Berlin Criteria | 109 | Sepsis | Smoke history | No adjustment | 6 |
Yuequan Shi | 2022 | ICU | The Berlin Criteria | 529 | Sepsis and pneumonia | Smoke history | age, gender | 6 |