Fig. 2From: Vascular leak in sepsis: physiological basis and potential therapeutic advancesAn array of microbial components stimulate the innate immune response by activating Toll-like receptors which results in the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NF-κB. NF-κB then promotes the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF- α which induces endothelial cell dysfunctionBack to article page