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Table 2 Characteristics of patients with each trauma phenotype

From: Association between tranexamic acid administration and mortality based on the trauma phenotype: a retrospective analysis of a nationwide trauma registry in Japan

 

Trauma phenotype 1

Trauma phenotype 2

Trauma phenotype 3

Trauma phenotype 4

Trauma phenotype 5

Trauma phenotype 6

Trauma phenotype 7

Trauma phenotype 8

Overall

Number of Patients

4791

14,579

2025

7,221

12,000

1,920

8,399

2,768

53,703

Age, years, median [IQR]

53 [33, 71]

61 [37, 77]

81 [73, 87]

48 [26, 67]

82 [72, 88]

55 [35, 72]

71 [56, 81]

70 [50, 81]

69 [47, 81]

Male sex, No. (%)

3,229 (67.4)

9,945 (68.2)

985 (48.6)

5,914 (81.9)

3,305 (27.5)

1,398 (72.8)

6,042 (71.9)

1,852 (66.9)

32,670 (60.8)

Number of comorbidities, median [IQR]

0 [0, 0]

0 [0, 1]

4 [3, 5]

0 [0, 0]

0 [0, 1]

0 [0, 0]

0 [0, 1]

0 [0, 1]

0 [0, 1]

Respiratory rate (/min), median [IQR]

22 [18, 27]

20 [17, 24]

19 [16, 22]

21 [18, 25]

18 [16, 21]

20 [18, 24]

19 [16, 22]

20 [17, 25]

20 [17, 24]

Heart rate (bpm), median [IQR]

87 [75, 102]

84 [73, 98]

82 [72, 94]

87 [75, 100]

80 [70, 91]

87 [75, 102]

80 [69, 91]

94 [76, 114]

83 [72, 97]

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), median [IQR]

126 [106, 145]

137 [118, 158]

149 [128, 169]

133 [117, 151]

151 [131, 170]

137 [120, 157]

146 [126, 168]

140 [110, 170]

140 [120, 162]

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) ≤ 90, No. (%)

655 (13.7)

881 (6.0)

57 (2.8)

359 (5.0)

221 (1.8)

104 (5.4)

274 (3.3)

440 (15.9)

2,991 (5.6)

Glasgow Coma Scale score, median [IQR]

15 [14, 15]

15 [14, 15]

15 [14, 15]

15 [14, 15]

15 [15]

14 [11, 15]

15 [13, 15]

3 [3, 6]

15 [14, 15]

Glasgow Coma Scale category

13–15, No. (%)

4,192 (87.5)

12,243 (84.0)

1,878 (92.7)

6,782 (93.9)

11,725 (97.7)

1,344 (70.0)

7,127 (84.9)

12 (0.4)

45,303 (84.4)

9–12, No. (%)

337 (7.0)

1,028 (7.1)

94 (4.6)

346 (4.8)

250 (2.1)

244 (12.7)

1,062 (12.6)

58 (2.1)

3,419 (6.4)

3–8, No. (%)

262 (5.5)

1,308 (9.0)

53 (2.6)

93 (1.3)

25 (0.2)

332 (17.3)

210 (2.5)

2,698 (97.5)

4,981 (9.3)

Body temperature (℃), median [IQR]

36.5 [36.0, 36.9]

36.5 [36.1, 36.9]

36.7 [36.3, 37.1]

36.6 [36.2, 37.0]

36.7 [36.4, 37.1]

36.4 [36.0, 36.8]

36.5 [36.1, 36.8]

36.2 [35.6, 36.6]

36.6 [36.1, 36.9]

Lactate on arrival (mmol/L), median [IQR]

2.40 [1.55, 3.66]

2.00 [1.38, 3.00]

1.51 [1.00, 2.22]

2.03 [1.40, 3.00]

1.55 [1.09, 2.23]

2.30 [1.55, 3.33]

1.79 [1.22, 2.66]

3.00 [1.80, 5.90]

1.96 [1.30, 3.00]

Injured body regions of AIS > 2

Head & Cervical, No. (%)

640 (13.4)

6,026 (41.3)

429 (21.2)

895 (12.4)

330 (2.8)

1,231 (64.1)

7,791 (92.8)

2,504 (90.5)

19,846 (37.0)

Face, No. (%)

1 (0.0)

67 (0.5)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

118 (6.1)

0 (0.0)

4 (0.1)

190 (0.4)

Chest, No. (%)

2,436 (50.8)

4,272 (29.3)

244 (12.0)

4,092 (56.7)

530 (4.4)

650 (33.9)

504 (6.0)

990 (35.8)

13,718 (25.5)

Abdomen, No. (%)

2,442 (51.0)

910 (6.2)

43 (2.1)

0 (0.0)

19 (0.2)

73 (3.8)

28 (0.3)

116 (4.2)

3,631 (6.8)

Extremities, No. (%)

1,049 (21.9)

2,567 (17.6)

1,245 (61.5)

1,957 (27.1)

9,954 (83.0)

364 (19.0)

133 (1.6)

442 (16.0)

17,711 (33.0)

External, No. (%)

0 (0.0)

110 (0.8)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

110 (0.2)

Multiple body parts with AIS > 2 injuries, No. (%)

1,912 (39.9)

2,717 (18.6)

108 (5.3)

1,110 (15.4)

310 (2.6)

645 (33.6)

600 (7.1)

1,018 (36.8)

8,420 (15.7)

RTS, median [IQR]

7.84 [7.55, 7.84]

7.84 [7.84, 7.84]

7.84 [7.84, 7.84]

7.84 [7.84, 7.84]

7.84 [7.84, 7.84]

7.84 [6.90, 7.84]

7.84 [7.84, 7.84]

5.03 [4.09, 5.97]

7.84 [7.84, 7.84]

ISS, median [IQR]

17 [9, 25]

14 [9, 21]

9 [9]

9 [9, 16]

9 [9]

20 [13, 29]

16 [9, 18]

25 [17, 32]

10 [9, 18]

TRISS ps, median [IQR]

0.97 [0.91, 0.99]

0.96 [0.93, 0.99]

0.97 [0.96, 0.97]

0.99 [0.96, 0.99]

0.97 [0.97, 0.97]

0.94 [0.85, 0.98]

0.94 [0.92, 0.97]

0.45 [0.27, 0.72]

0.97 [0.93, 0.98]

Transfusion within 24 h, No. (%)

1,462 (31.5)

2,043 (14.6)

213 (10.8)

770 (11.2)

962 (8.3)

430 (23.1)

566 (7.0)

1,139 (43.2)

14.7 (7,585)

pRBC within 24 h, units, median [IQR]

6 [4, 14]

4 [2, 8]

2 [2, 4]

4 [2, 10]

2 [2, 4]

6 [4, 10]

4 [0, 6]

6 [4, 12]

4 [2, 10]

FFP within 24 h, units, median [IQR]

8 [4, 16]

6 [2, 12]

2 [0, 6]

6 [4, 12]

2 [0, 6]

8 [4, 14]

4 [2, 10]

8 [4, 16]

6 [4, 12]

PC within 24 h, units, median [IQR]

0 [0, 20]

0 [0, 10]

0 [0, 0]

0 [0, 10]

0 [0, 0]

0 [0, 10]

0 [0, 10]

0 [0, 20]

0 [0, 10]

Administration of TXA, No. (%)

1,081 (22.6)

2,796 (19.2)

139 (6.9)

776 (10.7)

397 (3.3)

476 (24.8)

1,488 (17.7)

893 (32.3)

8,046 (15.0)

Vasopressor, No. (%)

294 (6.1)

489 (3.4)

10 (0.5)

121 (1.7)

35 (0.3)

77 (4.0)

98 (1.2)

501 (18.1)

1,625 (3.0)

Thoracic drainage, No. (%)

616 (12.9)

804 (5.5)

38 (1.9)

892 (12.4)

55 (0.5)

146 (7.6)

64 (0.8)

339 (12.2)

2,954 (5.5)

REBOA, No. (%)

524 (10.9)

722 (5.0)

28 (1.4)

204 (2.8)

79 (0.7)

177 (9.2)

153 (1.8)

505 (18.2)

2,392 (4.5)

Head surgery, No. (%)

42 (0.9)

364 (2.5)

49 (2.4)

53 (0.7)

16 (0.1)

91 (4.7)

577 (6.9)

609 (22.0)

1,801 (3.4)

Cervical surgery, No. (%)

9 (0.2)

63 (0.4)

2 (0.1)

13 (0.2)

1 (0.0)

11 (0.6)

59 (0.7)

26 (0.9)

184 (0.3)

Chest surgery, No. (%)

144 (3.0)

155 (1.1)

6 (0.3)

123 (1.7)

11 (0.1)

27 (1.4)

7 (0.1)

102 (3.7)

575 (1.1)

Abdominal surgery, No. (%)

983 (20.5)

459 (3.1)

15 (0.7)

30 (0.4)

27 (0.2)

46 (2.4)

17 (0.2)

85 (3.1)

1,662 (3.1)

Orthopedic surgery, No. (%)

1,486 (31.0)

3,070 (21.1)

1,035 (51.1)

2,485 (34.4)

8,362 (69.7)

430 (22.4)

773 (9.2)

231 (8.3)

17,872 (33.3)

Orthopedic IVR, No. (%)

263 (5.5)

343 (2.4)

17 (0.8)

117 (1.6)

141 (1.2)

56 (2.9)

25 (0.3)

90 (3.3)

1,052 (2.0)

Glasgow outcome scale, No. (%)

Dead

270 (5.6)

691 (4.7)

138 (6.8)

151 (2.1)

173 (1.4)

113 (5.9)

392 (4.7)

1,358 (49.1)

3,286 (6.1)

Vegetative state

11 (0.2)

77 (0.5)

15 (0.7)

5 (0.1)

18 (0.2)

18 (0.9)

47 (0.6)

102 (3.7)

293 (0.5)

Severely disabled

483 (10.1)

1,538 (10.5)

467 (23.1)

483 (6.7)

2,592 (21.6)

199 (10.4)

1,171 (13.9)

369 (13.3)

7,302 (13.6)

Moderately disabled

621 (13.0)

1,764 (12.1)

296 (14.6)

863 (12.0)

1,641 (13.7)

244 (12.7)

1,023 (12.2)

186 (6.7)

6,638 (12.4)

Good recovery

1,416 (29.6)

4,937 (33.8)

339 (16.7)

2,372 (32.8)

2,035 (17.0)

610 (31.8)

2,351 (28.0)

169 (6.1)

14,229 (26.5)

Unknown

1,990 (41.5)

5,572 (38.2)

770 (38.0)

3,347 (46.4)

5,541(46.2)

736 (38.3)

3,415 (40.7)

584 (21.1)

21,955 (40.9)

Length of hospital stay, days, median [IQR]

20 [10, 36]

11 [2, 26]

21 [13, 32]

12 [4, 26]

20 [13, 30]

19 [7, 35]

14 [5, 28]

15 [1, 41]

16 [6, 29]

Survive, No. (%)

4,521 (94.4)

13,888 (95.3)

1,887 (93.2)

7,070 (97.9)

11,827 (98.6)

1,807 (94.1)

8,007 (95.3)

1,410 (50.9)

50,417 (93.9)

  1. This table shows the baseline characteristics for each trauma phenotype (one dataset from multiple imputed datasets is shown for reference). The quantity of transfusion products represents the total amount of blood products used during hospitalisation and is presented according to the dosing standards for blood products in Japan. Head surgery includes craniotomy, trephination, and placement of intracranial pressure (ICP) sensors. Cervical surgery encompasses surgical treatments, including interventional radiology (IVR). Chest surgery comprises thoracotomy, video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), and IVR but does not include resuscitative thoracotomy. Abdominal surgery involves laparotomy, laparoscopic surgery, and IVR. Orthopedic surgery includes open reduction, amputation, and external fixation procedures. Orthopedic IVR covers IVR for pelvic, limb, and spinal injuries
  2. Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; AIS, abbreviated injury scale; RTS, revised trauma score; ISS, injury severity score; TRISS, trauma and injury severity score probability of survival; pRBC, packed red blood cell; FFP, fresh frozen plasma; PC, platelet concentrate; TXA, tranexamic acid; REBOA, resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta; IVR, interventional radiology
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