Table 3 Most commonly reported potential consequences of experienced workplace violence for healthcare professionals

Stress and burnout [31, 40, 43, 83, 85,86,87, 90]

Increased rates of unhappiness and anxiety [31, 49, 81, 83, 90]

Less patient safety [34, 42, 84, 95]

Worse nursing performance [31, 42, 95]

Increased turnover intention [31, 43, 49, 86, 87]

Risk assessment tool for aggressive behavior [29, 89]

No tolerance policy and visitor information [35]

Increased patient safety culture [60]

De-escalation training [35]

Enhanced security measures (security personnel, closed units) [88]

Possible restrictive interventions and pharmacological sedation [89]