From: Violence against healthcare professionals in intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analysis of frequency, risk factors, interventions, and preventive measures
Risk factors of HCWs associated with experiencing violence from patients
Patient characteristics reported to be associated with violence against healthcare professionals
Younger Age
[25, 31,32,33, 38, 39, 45, 53, 69, 72, 77, 81]
Impairment through drugs [17, 28, 47, 49, 53, 63, 70]
Low work experience [25, 50, 59, 78, 80, 82]
Miscommunication/Distrust [39, 50, 61, 72, 78, 82, 92]
Nursing profession [28, 33, 52, 60, 93]
Waiting hours/Inflexible visiting hours [39, 50, 61, 72, 78, 82, 92]
Shift work/Night shifts [61, 67, 78, 94]
Critical illness/delirium [17, 28, 47, 49, 53, 63, 70]
Understaffing/rural areas [36, 76]
Male and older patients [27, 49, 53]
Critical Care