Proenkephalin as a biomarker correlates with acute kidney injury: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

Table 2 Performance characteristics of plasma PENK in individual studies

Study (year)	No. of patients				PENK cutoff (pmol/L)	Sensitivity	Specificity	AUC (95% CI)
Study (year)	True-positive	False-positive	False-negative	True-negative	PENK cutoff (pmol/L)	Sensitivity	Specificity	AUC (95% CI)
Shah et al. [29]	11	9	10	62	N/A	0.55	0.86	0.683 (N/A)
Mossanen et al. [30]	12	9	30	56	93.2	0.59	0.65	0.651 (N/A)
Kim et al. [31]	27	14	26	100	154.5	0.66	0.79	0.725 (0.651–0.791)
Ng et al. [32]	132	104	454	882	116.7	0.56	0.66	0.642 (0.605–0.680)
Hollinger et al. [33]	256	104	34	188	84.2	0.71	0.85	0.854 (0.823–0.884)
Breidthardt et al. [16]	5	2	32	72	N/A	0.71	0.69	0.60 (0.34–0.86)
Rosenqvist et al. [15]	67	27	124	370	N/A	0.71	0.75	0.758 (0.702–0.815)
Molvin et al. [34]	43	24	190	273	104	0.64	0.59	0.652 (0.583–0.721)
Liu et al. [35]	10	6	0	26	67.0	0.61	1.00	0.884 (0.738–0.965)
Lima et al. [36]	31	5	10	11	55.3	0.86	0.52	0.69 (0.54–0.83)
Zhao et al. [37]	28	3	16	74	57.0	0.90	0.82	0.808 (0.54–0.83)

AUC, Area under curve; CI, confidence interval; N/A, not applicable; PENK, proenkephalin A 119-159

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