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Fig. 5 | Critical Care

Fig. 5

From: Proenkephalin as a biomarker correlates with acute kidney injury: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

Fig. 5

Trial sequential analysis for the efficacy of PENK in early diagnosis of AKI. A penalized test was conducted on the trial sequential analysis (TSA) outcomes, with a predetermined significance level of α = 5% to control for type-I error, a power of 90% to ensure sufficient statistical power, and a two-sided test for the type of bounds. Notably, the penalized Z-curve surpassed the conventional threshold of Z = 1.96, providing additional evidence to support the exclusion of acute kidney injury (AKI) based on the negative levels of proenkephalin A 119-159 (PENK). This reinforces the notion that PENK is an effective marker for ruling out the presence of AKI

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Critical Care

ISSN: 1364-8535