Table 1 Study characteristics and overall risk of bias assessment for each study
Trial/author, year [reference] | Number of patients | Nature of surgery | Goal-directed hemodynamic therapy | ERP performed | Overall risk of bias | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Goal | Monitoring method | Interventions | |||||
Bender et al., 1997 [26] | 106 | Elective infrarenal aortic surgery or lower limb revascularization | Cardiac index ≥2.8 L/minute/m2, SVR ≤1100 dyn/second/cm5, PAWP 8–14 mmHg | PAC | Fluids and inotropes | No | High |
Benes et al., 2010 [27] | 120 (high-risk) | Open major abdominal surgery | SVV 10%, cardiac index 2.5–4.1 L/minute/m2, and MAP >70 mmHg | Pulse contour analysis monitor | Fluids, inotropes, and vasopressors | No | Low |
Bisgaard et al., 2013 [28] | 64 | Open abdominal aortic surgery | Optimal SV, DO2I >600 ml/minute/m2, HR <100 beats/minute | Pulse contour analysis monitor | Fluids and inotropes | No | Low |
Bonazzi et al., 2002 [29] | 100 | Open abdominal aortic surgery | SVR ≤1450 dyn/second/cm5, PAOP 10–18 mmHg, cardiac index >3 L/minute/m2, and DO2I >600 ml/minute/m2 | PAC | Fluids and inotropes | No | Unclear |
Brandstrup et al., 2012 [11] | 150 | Open and laparoscopic colorectal surgery | SV 10% | Esophageal Doppler | Fluids | Yes | Low |
Buettner et al., 2008 [31] | 80 | Major abdominal surgery | SPV <10% | Pulse contour analysis monitor | Fluids | No | Low |
Boyd et al., 1993 [30] | 107 (high-risk) | Major abdominal surgery | DO2I >600 ml/minute/m2 | PAC | Fluids and inotropes | No | Unclear |
Bundgaard-Nielsen et al., 2013 [63] | 42 | Open radical prostatectomy | Optimal SV | Esophageal Doppler | Fluids | Yes | Low |
Cohn et al., 2010 [47] | 27 | Open colorectal surgery | StO2 > 75% | Near-infrared spectroscopy | Fluids | No | Low |
Correa-Gallego et al., 2015 [12] | 135 | Liver resection | SVV baseline | Pulse contour analysis monitor | Fluids and inotropes | No | Low |
Challand et al., 2011 [32] | 179 (56 high-risk) | Major open or laparoscopic colorectal surgery | SV 10% | Esophageal Doppler | Fluids | Yes | Low |
Conway et al., 2002 [33] | 57 | Colorectal resection | SV 10%, FTc >0.35 | Esophageal Doppler | Fluids | No | Unclear |
Donati et al., 2007 [34] | 135 (high-risk) | Major abdominal surgery | O2ER ≤27% | Central line + arterial line sampling | Fluids and inotropes | No | Unclear |
Forget et al., 2010 [35] | 82 | Major abdominal surgery | Pleth variability index <13% | Pulse oximeter | Fluids | No | Unclear |
Gan et al., 2002 [36] | 100 (high-risk) | Major open abdominal surgery | SV 10%, FTc >0.35 | Esophageal Doppler | Fluids | No | Low |
Jammer et al., 2010 [37] | 241 | Open colorectal surgery | Central venous oxygen saturation >75% | Central line | Fluids | No | Low |
Jhanji et al., 2010 [38] | 135 | Major gastrointestinal surgery | Optimal SV | Pulse contour analysis monitor | Fluids or fluids and inotropes | No | Low |
Jones et al., 2013 [39] | 91 | Liver resection | Optimal SV | Pulse contour analysis monitor | Fluids | Yesa | Unclear |
Lopes et al., 2007 [40] | 33 | Major abdominal surgery | Variation in arterial pulse pressure <10% | Arterial line + monitoring | Fluids and inotropes | No | Low |
Mayer et al., 2010 [41] | 60 (high-risk) | Major abdominal surgery | SVV 12%, cardiac index ≥2.5 L/minute/m2, SVI >35 ml/m2 | Pulse contour analysis monitor | Fluids, inotropes, and vasopressors | No | Unclear |
McKenny et al., 2013 [62] | 101 | Major gynecologic surgery | Optimal SV | Esophageal Doppler | Fluids | No | Low |
Noblett et al., 2006 [42] | 103 | Open and laparoscopic colorectal surgery | FTc >0.35, SV | Esophageal Doppler | Fluids | Yes | Unclear |
Pearse et al., 2014 [1] | 734 (high-risk) | Major abdominal surgery | Optimal SV | Pulse contour analysis monitor | Fluids and inotropes | No | Low |
Pearse et al. 2005 [43] | 122 (high-risk) | General, vascular, and urologic surgery | DO2I >600 ml/minute/m2 | Pulse contour analysis monitor | Fluids and inotropes | No | Low |
Pestana et al., 2014 [13] | 142 | Major gastrointestinal surgery | Cardiac index ≥2.5 ml/minute/m2, MAP >65 mmHg | Noninvasive cardiac output monitor | Fluids, vasopressors, and inotropes | No | Low |
Phan et al., 2014 [14] | 100 | Colorectal surgery | FTc >0.35, SV | Esophageal Doppler | Fluids | Yes | Unclear |
Phillai et al., 2011 [44] | 66 | Radical cystectomy for bladder cancer | FTc >0.35, SV | Esophageal Doppler | Fluids | Yes | Unclear |
Ramsingh et al., 2013 [45] | 38 (high-risk) | Open major abdominal surgery | SVV <12% | Pulse contour analysis monitor | Fluids and inotropes | No | Low |
Salzwedel et al., 2013 [61] | 160 | Major abdominal surgery | PPV 10%, cardiac index >2.5 ml/minute/m2 | Pulse contour analysis monitor | Fluids and inotropes, vasopressors | No | Low |
Sandham et al., 2003 [46] | 1994 (high-risk) | Major abdominal, thoracic, vascular, or hip fracture surgery | DO2I 550–600 ml/minute/m2, cardiac index 3.5–4.5 ml/minute/m2, MAP >70 mmHg, PAOP 18 mmHg, HR <120 beats/minute, Hct >27% | PAC | Fluids and inotropes | No | Low |
Scheeren et al., 2013 [65] | 52 (high-risk) | Major abdominal surgery, radical cystectomy | SVV 10% | Pulse contour analysis monitor | Fluids and inotropes | No | Low |
Senagore et al., 2009 [48] | 64 | Laparoscopic colectomy | FTc >0.35, SV | Esophageal Doppler | Fluids | Yes | Unclear |
Shoemaker et al., 1988 [50] | 88 (high-risk) | Major abdominal surgery and other types of surgery | CO >4.5 L/minute, DO2I >600 mL/minute/m2, VO2 > 170 ml/minute/m2 | PAC | Fluids and inotropes | No | Low |
Sharkawy et al., 2013 [49] | 59 | Major liver resection | FTc >0.35, SV 10% | Esophageal Doppler | Fluids | No | Unclear |
Srinivasa et al., 2012 [51] | 85 | Open or laparoscopic colectomy | FTc >0.35, SV | Esophageal Doppler | Fluids | Yes | Low |
Szakmany et al., 2005 [52] | 45 | Major abdominal surgery | ITBVI 850–950 ml/m2 | Pulse contour analysis monitor | Fluids | No | Unclear |
Ueno et al., 1997 [53] | 34 | Major liver resection | DO2I >600 ml/minute/m2, cardiac index >4.5 L/minute/m2, VO2 > 170 ml/minute/m2 | PAC | Fluids and inotropes | No | High |
Valentine et al., 1998 [54] | 120 | Abdominal aortic surgery | Cardiac index ≥2.8 L/minute/m2, PCWP 8–15 mmHg, SVR ≤1100 dyn/second/cm5 | PAC | Fluids and inotropes | No | High |
Wilson et al., 1999 [56] | 138 (high-risk) | General surgery, vascular surgery, and urologic surgery | DO2I >600 ml/minute/m2, PAOP 12 mmHg, Hb >110 g/L, SaO2 > 94% | PAC | Fluids and inotropes | No | Unclear |
Wakeling et al., 2005 [55] | 128 | Colorectal resection | SV 10%, CVP did not rise by 10mmHg or more | Esophageal Doppler | Fluids | Yes | Unclear |
Yu et al., 2010 [57] | 299 | Gastrointestinal surgery | Central venous lactate <1.6 mmol/L | Central line sampling | Fluids and inotropes | Yes | Low |
Zakhaleva et al., 2013 [64] | 74 | Major abdominal surgery | FTc >0.35, SV 10% | Esophageal Doppler | Fluids | Yes | Low |
Zeng et al., 2014 [60] | 60 | Abdominal cancer surgery | SVV | Pulse contour analysis monitor | Fluids and inotropes | No | Unclear |
Zhang et al., 2012 [58] | 60 | Open gastrointestinal surgery | Pulse pressure variation | Pulse oximeter | Fluids | No | Low |
Zheng et al., 2013 [59] | 60 (high-risk) | Open gastrointestinal surgery | Cardiac index ≥2.5 L/minute/m2, SVI >35 ml/m2, MAP >65 mmHg | Pulse contour analysis monitor | Fluids and inotropes | Yes | Low |