Table 1 Demographics, preoperative, operative and postoperative characteristics of the patient population according to tertiles of preoperative growth-differentiation factor-15

N

392

392

392

1176

Male

282 (71.9 %)

272 (69.4 %)

256 (65.3 %)

810 (68.9 %)

0.129

Age (years)

59 (50/67)

69 (63/74)

72 (67/77)

68 (50/74)

<0.001

NYHA I

161 (41.1 %)

137 (34.9 %)

113 (28.8 %)

411 (34.9 %)

0.002

NYHA II

104 (26.5 %)

97 (24.7 %)

87 (22.2 %)

288 (24.5 %)

0.365

NYHA III

111 (28.3 %)

138 (35.2 %)

146 (37.2 %)

395 (33.6 %)

0.021

NYHA IV

15 (3.8 %)

19 (4.8 %)

44 (11.2 %)

78 (6.6 %)

<0.001

Additive Euroscore

3 (2/6)

5 (3/7)

7 (5/8)

5 (3/7)

<0.001

GDF-15 (ng/ml)

0.643 (0.535/0.730)

0.991 (0.914/1.114)

1.731 (1.438/2.329)

0.989 (0.729/1.435)

<0.001

NTproBNP (pg|ml)

187.8 (74.4/495.0)

427.9 (155.4/900.6)

1044.6 (383.4/2528.7)

434.5 (137.8/1139.3)

<0.001

hsTNT (pg/ml)

6.3 (3.0/11.1)

11.4 (6.6/18.8)

20.4 (12.0/38.0)

11.4 (5.6/21.5)

<0.001

ScO2_minox (%)

68 (63/72)

65 (60/70)

63 (57/67)

65 (60/70)

<0.001

Diabetes mellitus (n (%))

152 (38.8 %)

250 (63.8 %)

305 (77.8 %)

707 (60.1 %)

<0.001

LVEF 1 (n (%))

6 (1.5 %)

10 (2.6 %)

24 (6.1 %)

40 (3.4 %)

<0.001

LVEF 2 (n (%))

57 (14.5 %)

74 (18.9 %)

102 (26.0 %)

233 (19.8 %)

<0.001

LVEF 3 (n (%))

328 (36.4 %)

307 (34.1 %)

266 (29.5 %)

901 (76.8 %)

<0.001

Reoperation (n (%))

28 (7.1 %)

35 (8.9 %)

48 (12.2 %)

111 (9.4 %)

0.046

Creatinine (μmol/l)

73.9 (65.1/83.6)

82.7 (68.6/93.3)

93.3 (76.6/117.0)

81.0 (68.6 /96.8)

<0.001

eGFR (MDRD) (ml/min/m²)

94.2 (80.1/110.5)

80.7 (66.8/95.1)

66.2 (49.5/83.4)

80.9 (64.7/98.9))

<0.001

Hemoglobin (g/l)

139 (130/148)

135 (125/145)

129 (115/140)

135 (124/144)

<0.001

Peripheral vascular disease (n (%))

45 (11.5 %)

45 (11.5 %)

47 (12.0 %)

137 (11.6 %)

0.967

CPB time (minutes)

108 (86/144)

109 (84/135)

114 (92/149)

110 (88/142)

0.027

DHCA (n (%))

19 (4.8 %)

8 (2.0 %)

3 (0.8 %)

30 (2.6 %)

0.001

IOP hemofiltration (n (%))

12 (3.0 %)

12 (3.0 %)

36 (9.2 %)

60 (5.1 %)

<0.001

Isolated CABG (n (%))

173 (44.1 %)

199 (50.8 %)

164 (41.8 %)

536 (45.6 %)

0.033

Mitral valve surgery (n (%))

36 (9.2 %)

55 (14.0 %)

83 (21.2 %)

174 (14.8 %)

<0.001

Aortic valve surgery (n (%))

161 (41.1 %)

133 (33.9 %)

161 (41.1 %)

455 (38.7 %)

0.06

MAZE (n (%))

19 (4.8 %)

31 (7.9 %)

53 (13.5 %)

103

<0.001

HDU LOS (days)

2 (2/4)

3 (2/5)

4 (2/7)

3 (2/5)

<0.001

AKI 1

37 (9.4 %)

53 (13.5 %)

85 (21.7 %)

175 (14.9 %)

<0.001

AKI 2

3 (0.76 %)

1 (0.26 %)

2 (0.51 %)

6 (0.51 %)

0.65

AKI 3

4 (1.0 %)

17 (4.3 %)

56 (14.3 %)

77 (6.54 %)

<0.001

Renal replacement therapy

4 (1 %)

17 (4.3 %)

55 (14.3 %)

77 (6.45 %)

<0.001

30-day mortality

2 (0.5 %)

4 (1 %)

17 (4.4 %)

23 (1.96 %)

<0.001