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Table 2 Renal recovery (complete and incomplete) versus dialysis dependence at 1 year in patients with reference serum creatinine values

From: Long-term outcome in ICU patients with acute kidney injury treated with renal replacement therapy: a prospective cohort study

 

Complete renal recovery

Incomplete renal recovery

Dialysis dependence

P value

Number of patients (%)

89 (48.4)

60 (32.6)

35 (19.0)

 

Demographics

 Age, years (IQR)

67 (57–75)

64 (53–75)

66 (55.75)

0.682

 Male sex, %

64.0

80.0

57.1

0.039

 Black race, %

0

0

0

NA

Comorbidities

 Diabetes mellitus, %

32.6

21.7

57.1

0.002

 eGFR, ml/minute/1.73 m2

60.6 (43.0–77.2)

73.6 (56.0–95.4)

44.6 (27.1–67.4)

<0.001

 Baseline CKD stage ≥3, %

49.4

28.3

69.6

0.013

 Baseline serum creatinine, mg/dl

1.17 (0.94–1.56)

1.05 (0.83–1.29)

1.41 (1.11–2.42)

0.001

Characteristics at ICU admission

 Type of ICU

  Medical, %

32.2

35.0

48.5

0.246

  Surgical, %

67.8

65.0

51.5

 Timing of surgery

  Urgent, %

55.4

64.1

70.6

0.459

  Elective, %

44.6

35.9

29.4

 Severity of illness

  APACHE II score

25 (19–35)

24 (21–27)

27 (19.31)

0.948

  SAPS II

50 (35–69)

55 (43–69)

53 (44–71)

0.871

Characteristics at initiation of RRT

 Severity of illness

  SOFA score

8 (5–12)

9 (5–12)

5 (5–11)

0.736

  SOFA score, nonrenal

5 (2–9)

7 (2–9)

2 (1–7)

0.727

 Mechanical ventilation, %

78.2

85.0

64.5

0.082

 Vasoactive medication, %

43.7

55.0

35.5

0.172

 Renal characteristics

  Oliguria, %

39.5

41.5

69.0

0.019

  Fluid balance, ml

1774 (997–3016)

2546 (1364–3551)

2713 (2103–4534)

0.059

  Urine output, ml

768 (253–1496)

665 (351–1225)

219 (98–1080)

0.052

  Diuretics, %

63.2

58.6

40.0

0.084

  ICU length of stay to initiation of RRT, days

3 (1–4)

3 (2–9)

2 (0–4)

0.606

 Laboratory parameters

  Serum hemoglobin, g/dl

9.8 (8.9–10.8)

9.3 (8.3–10.5)

9.6 (8.3–10.6)

0.241

  Serum platelets, ×103/mm3

143 (80–195)

164 (87–272)

198 (90–265)

0.214

  Serum sodium, mmol/L

136 (132–140)

140 (136–142)

139 (133–142)

0.011

  Serum potassium, mmol/L

5.0 (4.4–5.5)

4.9 (4.2–5.3)

4.7 (4.2–5.1)

0.264

  Serum chloride, mmol/L

100 (96–105)

102 (97–108)

101 (97–108)

0.081

  Serum urea, g/dl

1.32 (1.09–1.715)

1.27 (0.92–1.78)

1.34 (1.03–1.97)

0.664

  Serum creatinine, mg/dl

4.23 (3.27–5.05)

3.95 (3.07–5.08)

4.73 (3.37–6.54)

0.194

  Serum albumin, g/dl

2.3 (2.0–2.8)

2.3 (1.9–2.6)

2.8 (2.2–3.3)

0.074

  Lactate, mg/dl

17 (11–33)

16 (11–83)

11 (7–94)

0.259

  pH

7.34 (7.29–7.39)

7.33 (7.25–7.39)

7.33 (7.24–7.38)

0.481

  Base excess

−4.0 (−6.6, −1.6)

−4.6 (−6.5, −2.9)

−4.5 (−7.3, −3.3)

0.628

RRT modality

 IHD, %

73.0

68.3

74.3

0.799

 SLEDD, %

14.6

16.7

8.6

 CRRT, %

12.4

15.0

17.1

Timing of initiation of RRTa

 Early, %

46.1

35.0

50.0

0.309

 Late, %

53.9

65.0

50.0

  1. Abbreviations: APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Evaluation II, CKD chronic kidney disease, CRRT continuous renal replacement therapy, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ICU intensive care unit, IHD intermittent hemodialysis, IQR interquartile range, KDIGO Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes, RRT renal replacement therapy, SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, SLEDD slow extended daily dialysis, SOFA Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment
  2. a Early (KDIGO stage <3 at initiation RRT), late (KDIGO stage ≥3 at initiation of RRT
  3. Statistically significant data (P<0.05) are presented in bolditalic
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Critical Care

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