Figure 3

Epinephrine-increased glycogenolysis and glycolysis is coupled to a Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase pump. Epinephrine increases cyclic AMP (cAMP) production, inducing stimulation of glycogenolysis/glycolysis and activation of the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase pump. This activation consumes ATP, leading to the generation of ADP. ADP reactivates glycolysis and hence generates more pyruvate and, consequently, more lactate. TCA, tricarboxylic acid cycle.