Procalcitonin reflects bacteremia and bacterial load in urosepsis syndrome: a prospective observational study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 581 patients presenting with febrile UTI.

Characteristic at presentation	All patients n= 581	Non-bacteremic n= 450	Bacteremic n= 131	P
Demographics
Age, years, median (IQR)	66 (46 to 78)	63 (42 to 77)	74 (60 to 84)	<0.001
Male sex	219 (38)	163 (36)	56 (43)	0.175
Nursing home residency	29 (5)	20 (4)	9 (7)	0.262
Co-morbidity
Any	301 (52)	226 (50)	75 (57)	0.156
Diabetes mellitus	96 (17)	65 (14)	31 (24)	0.012
Malignancy^a	63 (11)	44 (10)	19 (15)	0.126
Urinary catheter^b	45 (8)	30 (7)	15 (12)	0.093
Urinary tract disorder^c	144 (25)	110 (24)	34 (26)	0.725
Immunocompromised	87 (15)	68 (15)	19 (15)	0.864
History, Signs and Symptoms
Antibiotic UTI treatment^d	167 (29)	119 (26)	48 (37)	0.023
Fever duration, hours, median (IQR)^e	24 (12 to 53)	24 (12 to 48)	24 (12 to 72)	0.791
Altered mental status	46 (8)	27 (6)	19 (15)	0.002
Shaking chills	320 (55)	236 (52)	84 (64)	0.018
Costovertebral tenderness	352 (61)	283 (63)	69 (53)	0.035
Temperature, °C, mean ± SD	38.6 ± 1.05	38.5 ± 1.06	38.8 ± 0.99	0.001
MAP, mmHg, mean ± SD,	101 ± 17	102 ± 17	100 ± 19	0.479
HR, beats/minute, mean ± SD	93 ± 18	91 ± 17	98 ± 20	<0.001
PCT, μg/L, median (IQR)	0.41 (0.13 to 1.68)	0.25 (0.10 to 0.90)	2.29 (0.72 to 9.07)	<0.001

Data are presented as n (%) unless otherwise stated. IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; MAP, mean arterial pressure; HR, heart rate; PCT, procalcitonin. ^a Defined as any cancer except basal- or squamous-cell cancer of the skin that was active within the previous year. ^b Indwelling urethral catheter (n = 36), supra-pubic catheter (n = 7), intermittent urethral self-catherization (n = 2). ^c Defined as the presence of any functional or anatomical abnormality of the urinary tract. ^d Present oral antibiotic treatment for non-febrile UTI (that is, fever developed during UTI treatment). ^e Missing value in 81 patients.

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