Open lung approach associated with high-frequency oscillatory or low tidal volume mechanical ventilation improves respiratory function and minimizes lung injury in healthy and injured rats

Table 4 Systemic inflammatory response

	Control		UI	SW	LPS
TNF-α (pg/ml)	0 (0/0)	LP-CMV	18.0 (15.0/29.0)	0 (0/17.75)*	52.0 (45.0/136.5)
		BP-CMV	49.0 (20.0/55.5)^c	0 (0/0)*	34.0 (26.25/48.75)
		HFOV	9.0 (9.0/16.5)	0 (0/0)*	29.5 (27.0/39.25)
Interleukin-1β (pg/ml)	19.5 (15.5/24.25)	LP-CMV	17.5 (15.0/24.25)^b	11.5 (0/26.25)	51.0 (47.0/117.0)^b
		BP-CMV	16.5 (15.0/34.5)^c	0 (0/5.5)	46.0 (36.0/265.25)^c
		HFOV	0 (0/0)	6 (0/6.25)	31.5 (23.5/33.25)
Interleukin-6 (pg/ml)	41.0 (34.0/48.0)	LP-CMV	232.0 (187.0/290.0)^b	185.0 (149.0/218.0)^a	22320.0 (16375.0/65440.0)
		BP-CMV	262.0 (232.0/276.0)^c	53.0 (40.0/127.5)	14395.0 (9300.0/54967.5)
		HFOV	78.0 (55.0/145.5)	169.0 (95.5/239.0)	35930.0 (20090.0/43025.0)

UI, uninjured; SW, lung injury induced by saline washout; LPS, lung injury induced by intraperitoneal/intravenous E. coli lipopolysaccharide; BL, baseline measurements; LP-CMV, controlled mechanical ventilation with low PEEP; BP-CMV, controlled mechanical ventilation with "best" PEEP; HFOV, high frequency oscillatory ventilation. Values are medians and interquartile (25%-75%) range. ^aP < 0.05 LP-CMV vs. BP-CMV. ^bP < 0.05 LP-CMV vs. HFOV. ^cP < 0.05 BP-CMV vs. HFOV.

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