Table 3 Study results
Infection | MOF, Mortality | Inflammation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test intervention | Study | Test group (relative to control) | Effect | Test group (relative to control) | Effect | Test group (relative to control) | Effect | |
Reduce immune paralysis | Plasma expander | Miller & Lim, 1985 [14] | Mortality 0 vs 0 n.s. | No effect | immune reactive capacity n.s. | No effect | ||
Rizoli et al, 2006 [27] | pneumonia 0.5% vs 0.5% n.s. | No effect | Mortality 0 vs 14.3% n.s., MOF score 1.68 vs 1.9 n.s. | No effect | WBC n.s.; decreased toward normal: CD11b, CD62L, CD16, and TNFα; increased toward normal: CD14, IL-1RA, and IL-10 all P < 0.05 | SIRS↓ and CARS↓↑ | ||
Bulger et al, 2008 [19] | nosocomial infections 18.2% vs 15.2% n.s. | No effect | ARDS-free survival, MOF, mortality 29.1% vs 22.2% n.s. | No effect | ||||
Immuno-globulin | Glinz et al, 1985 [20] | any 47% vs 68% P = 0.02, pneumonia 37% vs 58% P = 0.01, sepsis 18% vs 26% n.s. | ↓ | Mortality from infection* 12% vs 11% n.s. | No effect | acute phase proteins n.s. | No effect | |
Douzinas et al, 2000 [32] | pneumonia 10% vs 61% P = 0.003 | ↓ | Mortality rom infection* 0 vs 0 | No effect | C3 and CH50 n.s., C4 increased p = 0.04, increased serum bactericidal activity P < 0.000001 | CARS↓ | ||
IFN- γ | Polk et al, 1992 [22] | major 39% vs 35%, minor 20% vs 28%, pneumonia 27% vs 24% n.s. | No effect | Mortality 9.2% vs 12.5% n.s. | No effect | HLA-DR increased P = 0.0001 | CARS↓ | |
Livingston et al, 1994 [31] | major infection 48% vs 31% n.s. | No effect | WBC decreased P < 0.05, HLA-DR increased P < 0.05 | SIRS↓ and CARS↓ | ||||
Dries et al, 1998 [18] | major infection 49% vs 58% n.s. | No effect | Mortality 13% vs 42% P = 0.017 | ↓ | TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 n.s. | No effect | ||
Nakos et al, 2002 [26] | ventilator-associated pneumonia 9% vs 50% p < 0.05 | ↓ | Mortality 27% vs 40% n.s. | No effect | HLA-DR expression, IL-1β, phospholipase A2 all increasedP < 0.05; total cells in BAL and IL-10 decreased P < 0.01 | SIRS↓ and CARS↓ | ||
Glucan | Browder et al, 1990 [29] | sepsis 9.5% vs 49% P < 0.05 | ↓ | Mortality from sepsis* 0 vs 18% n.s. | No effect | IL-1β decreased P < 0.05, TNFα n.s. | SIRS↓ | |
de Felippe et al, 1993 [30] | pneumonia 9.5% vs 55% P < 0.01, sepsis 9.9% vs 35% P < 0.05, either or both 14.3% vs 65% P < 0.001 | ↓ | Mortality: general 23.5% vs 42.1%, related to infection 4.8% vs 30% P < 0.05 | ↓ | ||||
Reduce hyper inflammation | Superoxide dismutase | Marzi et al, 1993 [25] | Mortality 17% vs 8.3% n.s. MOF score n.s. | No effect | WBC count, CRP, PMN-elastase and IL-6 n.s.; phospholipase A2 and conjugated dienes decreased P < 0.05 | SIRS↓ | ||
Antithrombin III | Waydhas et al, 1998 [28] | Mortality 15% vs 5%, MOF 20% vs 30% n.s | No effect | soluble TNF receptor II, neutrophil elastase, IL-RA, IL-6, and IL-8 n.s. | No effect | |||
Anti-CD18 | Rhee et al, 2000 [23] | major and minor 38% vs 40% n.s. | No effect | Mortality 5.8% vs 6.7%, MOF score n.s. | No effect | WBC increased P-value not reported | SIRS↑ | |
Anti-L-Selectin | Seekamp et al, 2004 [16] | 67% vs 55% n.s. | No effect | MOF n.s., mortality 11% vs 25% n.s. | No effect | WBC, IL-6, IL-10, neutrophil elastase, C3a, procalcitonin n.s. | No effect | |
Leukoreduced blood | Nathens et al, 2006 [21] | 30% vs 36% n.s. | No effect | Mortality 19% vs 15% n.s. MOF score 6.6 vs 5.9 n.s. | No effect | |||
Perflubron | Croce et al, 1998 [24] | pneumonia 50% vs 3 75% n.s. | No effect | Mortality 8.3% vs 25% n.s. | No effect | WBC, neutrophils, IL-6, and IL-10 all decreased p < 0.01; capillary leak (BAL protein), TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-8 n.s. | SIRS↓ | |
Prostaglandin E1 | Vassar et al, 1991 [15] | sepsis 28% vs 30%, major wound inf. 65% vs 72%, n.s. | No effect | Mortality 26% vs 28%, ARDS 13% vs 32%, MOF 30% vs 32% n.s. | No effect | PMN superoxide production increased toward normal P < 0.02 | CARS↓ | |