Table 1 Studies of inhaled nitric oxide in adult patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome

Dellinger, et al. [48]

AECC ARDS within 72 hours. Excluded severe sepsis or non-pulmonary organ failure

Nitrogen

1.25 to 80 ppm

Duration of MV

Oxygenation, PAP, and 28-day survival

Michael, et al. [49]

ARDS with PFR <150 mm Hg and CXR infiltrates

Usual care

5, 10, 15, and 20 ppm every 6 hours for 24 hours, then clinically adjusted

Improvement in oxygenation to allow decrease in FiO₂

Persistence of improvements in oxygenation

Troncy, et al. [50]

Lung injury score ≥ 2.5

Usual care

Initial titration (2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 ppm every 10 minutes) and daily re-titration

Free from MV within 30 days

30-day mortality and duration of MV

Lundin, et al. [51]

CXR infiltrates and ARDS with PFR <165 mm Hg with MV for 18 to 96 hours

Usual care

2, 10, or 40 ppm (lowest effective dose)

Reversal of ALI

30- and 90-day survival, ICU and hospital LOSs, and organ failure

Gerlach, et al. [3]

0.6, AECC ARDS, FiO₂ ≥ PFR 150 mm Hg, ≤ PEEP ≥ 10 cm H₂O, and PAOP ≤ 18 mm Hg. Duration of ventilation ≥ 48 hours.

Usual care

10 ppm (with daily dose-response analysis)

Dose-response relationship with PaO₂ and iNO

Duration of ventilation and ICU LOS

Park, et al. [52]

AECC and duration of ARDS ≤ 2 days

Usual care

5 ppm ± recruitment manoeuvres

Oxygenation

-

Taylor, et al. [53]

ARDS with PFR <250. Excluded sepsis as cause of ALI and any non-pulmonary organ failure.

Nitrogen

5 ppm in 192 patients

Survival without need for MV during the first 28 days

Oxygenation and PEEP and 28-day survival